SUMMARIES

Junior schoolchild as a subject of learning activity: Typological analysis

G.A. Tsukerman

The first results of longitudinal study based on El'konin - Davydov's educative system show which individual features assist and which oppose participation in joint learning activity. The method of the study employs marking out of typological groups accordingly to interpsychic learning action characteristics and the evaluation of children's (in-cluded in qualitatively different groups) prevailing personal and intellectual features. It is demonstrated that the number of real subjects of learning activity after two years of education has doubled. These children differ from their classmates by two characte-ristics: non-verbal factors in their intellectual profile are more pronounced than verbal ones; the children possess the trend to self-change.

Preschoolers living in incomplete families: Specificity of emotional-personal sphere

E.O. Smirnova, V.S. Sobkin, O.E. Asadulina, A.A. Novakovskaya

The results of comparative analysis of living in complete and incomplete families 5-7-years-olds' pictures are presented. There were differences be-tween two samples. The pictures of children from in-complete families show reduced levels of emotional vigor, connections with the others, I-image. The most meaningful differences heve been found in boys. The data demonstrate that the boys living with lone mo-thers suffer more emotional discomfort than the girls.

Psychic development of a prematurely born child

Z.V. Loukovtseva, L.L. Baz

Paper presents a review of Russian and foreign literature in main problems of psychic development of prematurely born babies. Determinants of develop-ment known in contemporary psychology have been systematized. Special attention is paid to factors, determining specificity of psychic development of prematurely born children, as well as to urgent questions of psychidiagnostic work in this field.

Peculiarities of cognitive and motivational personality development of gifted senior schoolchildren

E.I. Shcheblanova

The paper offers the results of longitudinal re-search of the peculiarities of cognitive and non-co-gnitive personality development of mentally gifted senior schoolchildren as compared with everage child-ren of the same age. 120 pupils of 9-th grades have been tested three times in a year with the help of me-thods of diagnostic of intellectual and creative abili-ties, school and outschool achievements and motivational-personality peculiarities.Stable differences in cognitive and non-cognitive personality development of pupils with different kinds and levels of giftedness and successfulness in learning activity have been exposed.

One more approach to Piaget's phenomenon

L.M. Fridman

The author argues that M. Donaldson's inter-pretation of Piaget's phenomenon is not correct and presents the results of the experiment carried out under his guidance that corroborates J. Piaget's conclusion.

Peculiarities of socialization of modern teenagers

D.V. Yartsev

Analisis of psychological literature on the psy-chological peculiarities of teenagers and the re-sults of the author's questionnaire made it possible to outline a comparative characteristic of teenagers of the 70-80-s and teenagers of today. It has been found out that the social-econonomic changes of the last years in Russia lead to great changes in social-psychological portrait of a modern teenager. Knowing of this change is considered as a condition of creating of edu-cative programs for teenagers and of correctional-developing work with them.

Machiavellianism and fib phenomenon

V.V. Znakov

The article deals with the study of relationship of the level of personal machiavellianism and the subject's tendency to fib in the situations of interpersonal communication. Three hypotheses have been proved: 1) people, inclined to fib, in experiments show high marks by machiavellianism scale; 2) they have a relatively low level of selfrespect and low selfesteem of moral qualities of personlity by "Personality differential", low marks in altruism factor of Liri's method and, on the contrary, high marks in suspiciousness factor; 3) in women's personality structure machiavellianistic attitudes and abilities are less expressed than those in men's, therefore the psychological basis of understanding of fib situations are primarily different in women and men.

Metamorphised forms in C.G. Jung's archetype theory

E.Yu. Zavershneva

The article deals with a possibility of introduction of the "metamorphised forms" notion into science vocabular on the example of C.G. Jung's ar-chetype theory. The main archetypes' characteristics corresponding to this notion are analysed. The author shows that a number of problems, deepening the contemporary psychology crisis, can be solved with the help of the abovementioned notion.

Behavior of an applicant in the process of job interview as a factor of establishment of trust

S.I. Simonenko

When making conclusions concerning truth of information obtained from an applicant and, therefore, about adequacy of him/her for this or that vacancy, specialists in selection of stuff often rely on concrete behavior characteristics of an applicant during job interview. The results of the author's investigation show that characteristics of an applicant which are used by the employers or recruiters as the psychological basis in assessment of the in-formation as true or not vary in reliability (or in effectiveness as criteria of lie or truth), and some of these characteristics predetermine incorrect conclusions. What is more, the most popular characte-ristics have turned to be the reason of the most common mistakes.

Strategic processing of paralinguistic discourse

M.C. Andrianov

The author describes important and compara-tively less examined type of non-verbal communi-cation - pose-tonic activity of a person. Alterna-tive to traditional classification and interpretation - paralinguistic discourse - is offered. The study con-firms the relevancy of such a method.

Special features of aesthetic attitude to reality

A.A. Adaskina

Special features of aesthetic attitude of object reality were experimentally studied in adults (professional artists and those whose profession is not connected to art) and in children (preschoolers, junior and senior schoolchildren). The method of object description was used. Professional artists and preschoolers were characterized by emotiona-lity, wholeness and finality of description, strategic independence of cognition. There are prerequisites of artistic development in young children and adolescents partly lose these prerequisites.

G.G. Shpet and M.M. Bakhtin

(opponents or like-minded persons?)

V.P. Zinchenko

The author compares views of outstanding hu-manitarians on the problems of I, Subject, Persona-lity and Thing.Popular opinion on importance of differences between positions of two scientists is ques-tioned.

The problem of aesthetic experience in G.G. Shpet's concept of "psychology of social being"

T.D. Martsinkovskaya

The paper is devoted to the psycho-philosophical concept of personality, carried out by one of the famous Russian scientists G.G. Shpet. It is shown that in the center of G.G. Shpet's theory was the idea of "aesthetic emotions", e.i. emotions which are connected to the inner form of art products - poems, roles, pictures, etc. The emotions provided by the author during perception become inner mo-tives of the spectator. This is one of the main ways of forming new consciousness - cultural consciousness. So the result of G.G. Shpet's investigations of culture and its influence on personal development was the idea that it is based not on intellectual, but on emotional mechanisms and the best way to provide such emotions is art.

Individual ways of categorization of subjective risk

T.V. Kornilova

Subjective risk representations while making a professional decision are investigated with the help of psychosemantic method. Psychological scales characterizing individual acceptance of choice situations by managers who deal with financing of projects have been established.Subjective models of risk-ta-king as being more representative indices than that of a normative questionnaire aimed at diagnostics of personal inclination to risk are discussed.