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SUMMARIES
Forming of potential
positive self-image as means to regulate preschoolers' behavior
S.G. Jacobson, T.I. Feshchenko
Two methods of influencing the child's behavior by means of altering the
contents of different components of his self-image are discussed. One of them
is creating the child's negative attitude to his real self on the grounds of
his specific behavior. The other one is including the idea of being able to
perform certain acts not inherent in the child into child's positive potential
self. The first method was tested in numerous experiments on moral behavior
forming. The data show that different forms of child's behavior can be
influenced by both methods.
A.A. Verbitsky, N.A.
Bakshaeva
The approaches to motivation sphere are generalized. Poli-semantics of
motive and motivation notions is demonstrated. The problem of motives'
transformation in students during education is discussed. Hypothesis of natural
character of interrelation between learning and professional motives in
students is formulated and experimentally proved.
E.A. Savchenko
The readiness to oppose amoral actions is considered to be personal
formation with complex structure. The content of structural components is
shown, the criteria of readiness to oppose amoral actions are marked out. The
recommendations for teachers are presented.
Special features of social
norms' appropriation by children
of different genders
B.I. Khasan, Yu.A. Tyumeneva
The results of a study of junior and senior adolescents' attitude
according to gender to social norms are presented. There are differences in
their perception of object (learning) matter and varying degree of social
norms' importance for boys and for girls. The necessity of adequate forms of
existence according to gender and age is underlined.
N.V. Repkina
The results of a study in junior
schoolchildren educated in accordance to (1) developing education programs
after E'konin - Davydov, (2) traditional programs, and (3) L.V. Zankov's system
are compared. The highest results (on 27 in-dices) were observed in the first
group.
Psychological methods in
speedy
mastering Russian spelling
B.Ts. Badmaev, B.I. Khoziev
Psychological method of speedy mastering Russian spelling is based on overcoming
stereotypes formed by previous erroneous practice.
Psychological influencing
women abandoning their newborn children
M.Yu. Kolpakova
The results of diagnostic study and of consulting in women with deviant
behavior, psychic abnormalities, depressive and anxiety conditions are
discussed. It is shown that spiritual-oriented dialogue is effective and often
leads to the changes in previous decision to abandon newborn child.
M.Yu. Kondrat'ev
There are three typical forms of activity deformations underlying
adolescents' behavioural deviations: play for the sake of play, education for
the sake of education and serious disbalance of intimate-personal contacts and
educative-professional activity. It is shown that a teacher must not try to
stop such deviations arbitrary. Correction program including joint activity
organization aimed at perspective is more effective.
The meaning of text as the
inner image
N.L. Muskhelishvili, Yu.A.
Schreider
The theory of meaning after G. Frege defines meaning as an object
reality. The difficulties of such an approach to semantics of the text are
demonstrated. The authors offer to consider an image in consciousness serving
as a shoot (an organizer) of begot text to be the meaning. This image induces
verbal fragments in the consciousness; they beget meaningful text on the basis
of naive logic. The perception of the text is connected to the emergence of an
image producing a response in the form of text. Presented concept is
illustrated by poetical, religious and scientific texts. The role of
imaginative sphere in text begetting is underlined.
An experience of
ethno-functional express-therapy of emotional and behavioral disturbances in
children
A.V. Sukharev
The results of author's ethno-functional approach in
express-psychotherapy to psychic disorders in children are discussed. The
notion of ethno-cultural disontogenesis is presented; its therapeutic
application can be instrumental in simptomatics modification.
V.I. Chirkov
The author reviews motivation theories of Western psychologists,
especially of American scientists E.L. Deci and R.M. Ryan.
Concerning methodological
problems of modern psychology
E.D. Khomskaya
Methodological crisis in modern (especially Russian) psychology is
discussed. The difficulties are more pronounced in the branches concerned with
personality and consciousness problems. Varying methodological approaches -
from vulgar materialism to manifest idealism - are demonstrated to exist in
different fields: psychotherapy, "Christian" psychology,
neuro-psychology of personality and consciousness. In is shown that during all
methodological crises the main struggle has been centered on psychic
determinism; the issue is equally actual nowadays. The author invites the
scientists to argue their views on the matter.