SUMMARIES
Psychological science and
education in L.G. Shchukina Psychological Institute
The article represents director's of Psychological Institute address to
the participants of Institute's 85th anniversary celebration. The main directions
of scientific research and principal accomplishments are outlined.
M.G. Yaroshevsky
The author in his address at anniversary session of Psychological
Institute describes early period of its functioning and substantiates the
notion of two scientific schools' forming - Chelpanov's and Vygotsky's.
Psychic development in
cultural-historical theory of activity
V.S. Lazarev
Activity-based model of psychic development is critically analyzed and
the means to solve its problems are offered. The author's point of view is that
in cultural-historical theory of activity and in based on the latter developing
education theory there is dual notion of human being as of individuum and as of
personality. Another problem is insufficiently strict separation of
"activity" and "behavior" notions and inadequate studying
of "activity subject" notion. The author considers the way of
person's understanding oneself in activity to be a moving power of development.
Periodisation of psychic development existing in activity theory is analyzed.
The author argues that qualitative change of activity system is to be
periodisation criterion.
The study of psyche
biological basis from neuropsychologic point of view
E.D. Khomskaya
Neuropsychology's application to the study of biological basis of
psychological processes is discussed. A.R. Luria's concept of
neuropsychological factors is set forth. The principal levels of
neuro-psychological factors' analysis are presented and the notion of
species-specific genetic mechanisms' and genotypic programs' reflection in
these factors is substantiated. The perspectives of psychogenetic studies based
on neuropsychology are outlined.
Educational programs
providing personal development principles and methods of construction
I.S. Yakimanskaya
The contents of "educational program" notion are described and
principles and methods of its construction as well as technology of realization
in the framework of personal-oriented pedagogics are shown. The differences
between educational and learning programs are illustrated. Educational
program's realization in schools of various types makes it possible to describe
using criteria such a personal feature as educatedness and to construct technology
of its forming based on pupil's subject experience. Developing and
personal-oriented education are differentiated.
Students' extrinsic and
intrinsic aspirations, parent and teacher perceptions as connected to their
psychic health
V.I. Chirkov, E.L. Deci
American and Russian students' psychic health, extrinsic and intrinsic
aspirations and parent and teacher perceptions are compared. It is found that
the higher intrinsic aspirations the better psychic health characteristics are
not, on the contrary, orientation on extrinsic ones leads to deterioration of
psychic well-being. As to parent and teacher perceptions the latter influence
students' life values and the former do not.
Anticipatory image in the
structure of schoolchildren's thinking
A.B. Shiyan
The analysis of anticipation problem from the positions of
structural-dialectic approach enables one to construct dialectic model of
anticipatory image on the base of opposites: possible - actual. Different kinds
of anticipatory images specified by their construction means:
image-transformation, image-mediation, image-consolidation - are marked out.
The experiments show the rightfulness of anticipatory image definition as one
of dialectic thinking means.
Object orientation of
thinking as the basis of semantic selectivity
E.I. Gorbacheva
Special features of sociocultural and individual factors' interaction in
dominating role of object-specific indications and connections in thinking are
discussed. The working out and application of object selectivity in semantic
activity evaluation is described.
The heredity models in
manual asymmetry formation
The factors' of genotype and environment role in manual asymmetry
formation are analyzed. Gene-tic models describing various possible mechanisms
of leading hand heredity are discussed. The most attention is paid to
M.Annette's right-side displacement theory. The criteria for genetic model
adequately describing the type of leading hand heredity are offered. It is
noted that existing models do not take into consideration such characteristics
as lateral organization profile and all possible aspects of function
lateralization.
T. V. Ivanova
The results of experimental study of ecological values in every-day
consciousness are presented. There were 437 participants from different age and
vocational groups. The nature is assessed by young persons from biocentrist
point of view and from rationalist one by adults. There are more cognitive
elements in highly educated persons. Those with technical education are more
tolerant to new ecological orientation.
A.S. Pushkin: the pages of
Russian publishings on psychology and psychiatry
I.E. Sirotkina
The article is dedicated to 200th anniversary of A.S. Pushkin. The
evolution of Russian scientists' views on poet's psychic health is presented.
The author underlines the impossibility to solve the problem of norm and
pathology if one is guided only by psychological, psychiatric or ethical point
of view.
Unknown pages of G.I.
Chelpanov's works
T.D. Martsinkovskaya, M.G.
Yaroshevsky
The authors describe the last period of G.I. Chelpanov's life and his
scientific interests and accomplishments in the context of contemporary social
changes in Russia.
Diagnostics and treatment of
depression in children and adolescents
The author reviews the findings of foreign researchers concerning
diagnostics and treatment of depression in children and adolescents.