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SUMMARIES
21th century: Psychology at the age of psychology
A.G. Asmolov
The article is dedicated to A.N. Leont'ev's memory and substantiates the
view on non-classical psychology as a discipline which constructs social reality.
It is shown that the science based on L.S. Vygotsky's, A.N. Leontiev's and A.R.
Luria's ideas made it possible for education in Russia to pass from
"knowledge, mastery, skill" paradigm to "variative developing
sense education" one. It is underlined that further development of
practical psychology will result in whole system of psychological knowledge
reformulating.
Opposition to education and
development as pedagogic method
A.N. Poddyakov
It is shown that the view on social interaction in education as being
only supporting is inadequate. Social opposition to education and its role must
be analyzed. Such an opposition is inevitable and sometimes necessary. Special
attention is paid to its contemporary aspects. Assistance and opposition are
considered as two interrelated types of social interaction differently changing
the direction of development: the former means predictable direction and the
latter - unpredictable one.
Specificity of opposition influence on learning and personal development
makes it possible to construct new types of developing education.
Theoretical approaches to
practical thinking diagnostics
M.K. Akimova, V.T. Kozlova,
N.A. Ferens
Practical thinking is studied as general abilities' component not
connected to special vocational activity. Bibliography on the subject is
presented. Concrete approaches to diagnostics are offered.
Concerning mathematical
problems and mathematical education goals
A.N. Krichevets
Intellectual activity modeling is considered in the framework of the theories
of knowledge, of biologic evolution and of psychological development. It is
shown that the development of mathematical problems' solution skills differs
from such a mastering of techniques which can be presented as an algorithm. The
development is based on studied matter but does not mean the matter mastering.
Mathematics includes not only formal aspect but sense aspect too; the latter
cannot be presented formally but is learned by the means of formal matter.
K.N. Polivanova
Clinical observation results of a child 11- 17 months old are presented.
The situations of symptoms' manifestations, named by L.S. Vygotsky "crisis
symptoms", are analyzed. Such a behavior is due to the trend to overcome
forbidding as a result of child's new abilities. The hypothesis of
emotional-affective component of action subjectivization is offered: child
becomes a subject of own desires and drives. It is promoted by speech
development. Meaningful vocalization enables a child to hold a desire. 1-year
crisis brings specific subjectivity: "I am desirous".
Special features of
preschoolers' personal development before and during 7-years-crisis
T.V. Ermolova, S.Yu.
Meshcheryakova, N.I. Ganoshenko
The authors consider personality as a conglomeration of individual
attitudes to object and social environment and to self. Attitude to self is
leading; it reflects child's self-image which is a result of individual
activity and of contacts with others. The changes in contents of nuclear and
peripheral structures of self-image in late preschool age are connected to
social determinants and mark the turning point of child's self-consciousness,
entry into critical phase of development.
New formations of 7-years-crisis integrate the results of psychic
development and determine its further direction.
I.Ya. Kaplunovich
The author analyses bibliographical data and his own experimental
results. Classification of individual differences in spatial thinking is
offered: 5 main substructures and 4 levels of development are marked out. The
hypothesis of cyclical development of differentiation and integration processes
is presented.
Modified techniques of early
person's Recollections
E.N. Ispolatova, T.P.
Nikolaeva
The authors present the results of their new method approbation. The
method deals with early child-hood recollections analysis. Brief review of
bibliography on the matter is given. The technique's application is illustrated
by concrete psychotherapeutic cases.
V.Yu. Menovshchikov
A client comes to psychotherapist with own "mythology", own
integral intra-conception of suffering and corresponding means of deliverance from
it. The author marks out seven basic myths: worldly, philosophical, religious,
occult, medical, psychological and pseudo-scientific. Psychotherapist's tactics
must take into account the type of client's myth.
The forming of
schoolchildren's psychological culture
L.S. Kolmogorova
The notion of "psychological culture" and its components is
discussed. The necessity of conditions for its forming in the framework of
school education is substantiated. The principles of construction and main
sections of "Knowledge of human being" course are outlined. The
examples of psychological culture diagnostics in junior schoolchildren are
given.
Self-regulation of person's
activity when becoming unemployed
A.K. Osnitsky, T.S. Chuikova
The situation of becoming unemployed usually is felt as critical. In
order to help unemployed it is desirable to examine their resources and
possibilities of self-regulation of their activity and mastering of
active-subjective position. These characteristics differentiate the clients of
employment service who succeed and don't succeed. Self-regulation analysis made
it possible to mark out three kinds of strategy: active search for work,
compensatory type, passive waiting. The principles of regulation-oriented
training for unemployed are presented.
The development of
attachment theory
(after P. Crittenden)
E.O. Smirnova, R. Radeva
The review of P. Crittenden's works on attachment theory is presented.
Her approach integrates theories of learning, information processing and
attachment and spreads them on different ages. The types of attachment and the
ways of their development are described.