SUMMARY
Anthropological principle in developmental psychology
V. I. Slobodchikov, E. I. Isaev
Existing paradigms of developmental
psychology determining the type of psychological studies and the character of
psychological knowledge are reviewed. The "pros" and
"contras" of traditional paradigmal notions are shown.
Anthropological approach in developmental psychology is introduced and
theoretically substantiated. Basic concepts of development principle (object,
moving powers, mechanisms of development) are interpreted according to their
content.
What is "educative environment" at school and how to expose
it?
I. M. Ulanovskaya, N. I. Polivanova,
I. V. Ermakova
The notion of "educative
environment" is discussed. It is connected to real inner goals of school
administration and teachers. Original methodical instruments for its evaluation
are offered. Environmental factors (psychological climate, educative process
structure, interpersonal relations) and their influence on schoolchildren's
intellectual and social-personal development are considered.
Comparative-psychological study of enlivening complex
G. G. Filippova
Human communication and the earliest
phase of its formation in ontogenesis - enlivening complex - is discussed. Two
sides of communication are outlined: communication as an activity and
communication as a means and condition of other types of activity. The former
is determined as a functional activity; the need for it is contained in the process
of this activity itself. Philogenetic prerequisites of such a need are shown.
Comparative-psychological analysis of child's enlivening complex and the
development of sensomotor activity and the means of communication in
ontogenesis is presented.
The publication of the programs -
winners of contest is continued.
Kolpachnikov V. V. Introduction to individual
psychological consulting
Vasilyuk F. E. Psychotechnical analysis of
psychotherapeutical process
Psychological mechanisms of visual
perception process: Integrative model
V. M. Krol
Experimental results and theoretical
propositions of visual perception integral model are discussed. Thresholds and
typical errors on some stages of test figure recognition were measured. It has
been found that the analysis of recognition errors may lead to unmasking of
mini-stages in recognition process. Recognition parameters (thresholds and
duration of stages) depend on perceptive context. The model presented is based on
the thesis that recognition is controlled search for complicated fragments with
parameters correlating with criteria of perceptive description of image class.
Concerning symbiotic conjugate dominant
as the basis of symbiotic connection mechanism
M. N. Mironova
The role of symbiotic connections in
personal anomalies' forming is analyzed. The hypo-thesis is presented that the
basic mechanism of symbiotic connection forming is conjugate dominant (after A.
A. Oukhtomsky). Mother - child symbiotic conjugate dominant id described.
The influence of violence experienced
in childhood on personal disorders' formation
S. V. Il'ina
The author presents a review of
publications on the influence of different forms of violence (physical, sexual,
emotional, psychological) on child's psyche and personality. Special attention
is paid to the correlation of violence and the stages of personal development
and the vulnerability of preschoolers and adolescents is underlined. Three
basic trends in psychotherapeutical approach (psychodinamic, cognitive,
humanistic) are discussed. Every one of them has its own sphere of usefulness,
so their comparison is irrelevant.
Literature and psychology: concerning humanitarian approach history
I. E. Sirotkina
The article uses the material of the
history of psychology and psychiatry to throw into relief the differences
between the scientific and the humanistic approaches. In contrast with the
Naturwissenschaften, the Geisteswissenschaften overtly addressed the question
of human values, and they borrowed epistemological model from history and
literature rather than from the natural sciences. At the turn of the century,
many Russian psychologists and psychiatrists supported the project of the
Geisteswissenschaften. Psychiatrists often conceptualized their patents in
terms of literary characters, and psychologists looked for personality types in
literature rather than in psychological experiments. The attempts to analyze
psychology with the help of literary and historical descriptions revealed both
the values shared by psychologists and psychiatrists and their close
involvement in the contemporary political life.
Microdinamics of action motor stage
N. D. Gordeeva, I. V. Evsevicheva,
V. P. Zinchenko, A. V. Kurgansky
Experimental study has shown that
the longevity of movement alters its structure, which is determined by its goal
as well. Changes in the longevity of action result in statistically significant
variation of absolute and relative time of movement phases. Integral quantum of
action includes cognitive, executive and estimative components.