RESUME
To the friend's memory
V. P. Zinchenko
The author describes V. V. Davydov's biography, his contribution to
general and pedagogical psychology and educative science.
Object activity and
ontogenesis of cognition
V. V. Davydov, V. P.
Zinchenko
The article presents a chapter of collective monograph. It deals with
theoretical thinking development in the framework of human's general psychic
development.
Concerning the working out
of psychic development theory by V. V. Davydov
A. V. Brushlinsky
Two principal stages of V. V. Davydov's creative evolution are marked
out: the first of them (beginning in fifties) is based primarily on P. Ya.
Galperin's theory; the second one (beginning on the turn of seventies -
eighties) is influenced by L. S. Vygotsky's theories. It is shown that V. V.
Davydov's scientific findings are based on newly worked out system of notions -
interiorisation, forming and development of psychics, general and special,
abstract and concrete, personality and creativity.
Yu. V. Gromyko
General fundamental principles and notions determining the formation of
new educative practice after V. V. Davydov are presented. These notions are:
activity curriculum, construction of new subjects, structure of consciousness,
project approach in education. The most important trend of educational practice
- the one of new educative content construction - is analyzed. The concept of
mental act is considered to be a "cell" of consciousness in this new
line of theoretical aspect. The author shows that V. V. Davydov's ideas of
activity approach allow to introduce new understanding of thinking process, of
knowledge development and of educational consciousness growth. New disciplines
(constructive activity didactics, educational personology) based on V. V.
Davydov's theory can be worked out.
Joint learning activity in
the problem of social interaction and learning context
V. V. Rubtsov
The notion of joint learning activity is one of principal ideas of V. V.
Davydov's theory of learning activity. The studies of social interaction and
learning represent the trend of psychology based on the understanding of social
situation as of developmental situation, determined by the ways of interaction.
The results of experimental studies concerning social interaction and learning
are presented.
Psychological basis of stage
continuity in developing education system: V. V. Davydov's design
V. T. Kudryavtsev
General approach to projecting of developing education stages continuity
as of developing system is discussed. Psychological aspects of continuity
during transition from preschool to primary and from primary to fundamental
education are shown. Special attention is paid to child's creative potential
development. Untraditional interpretation of learning activity subject is
given.
What is and what is not
developed by learning activity in junior schoolchildren?
G. A. Tsukerman
Learning activity develops in junior schoolchildren the reflexive
ability making it possible to differentiate known and unknown and, using
hypotheses concerning unknown, to address one's own and partner's (peer's,
teacher's) action in joint solving of new problems. Ability to ask for
information, to criticize actions and opinions, to be independent in evaluation
and self-evaluation, tendency to solve any problem by disputable means are
behavioral manifestations of junior schoolchildren's as learning activity
subjects' reflexive development. Learning activity does not develop the
abilities which are not reflexive - credulity, imitation, idle fantasies. These
abilities are developed in other kinds of activity. A teacher planning school
education must combine all the kinds of activity to avoid one-sided
development.
"Teach a fantasy.. .
"
(Creativity and developing
education)
A. A. Leont'ev
Creativity problem as psychological problem is much broader than the
notion of theoretical thinking as creativity basis. Creativity does not come to
the actions of new values composing. Different types of creativity are united
by human ability to act in uncertain situations. Such an ability is determined
by personal self-realization.
Children's work with
hypotheses in Elkonin's - Davydov's educative system
E. V. Chudinova
The author discusses children's hypotheses' role in learning activity
and teacher's work with children's assumptions in Elkonin's - Davydov's system
and connected to such an educative organization psychological effects. Results
of psychological diagnostics in children educated by Elkonin's - Davydov's
system are presented.
Learning activity and
creativity in children studying art
Yu. A. Poluyanov
The possibilities and limitations of school art lessons based on Elkonin's
- Davydov's concept of learning activity are discussed. Psychological and
aesthetic factors of specific ratio of learning and creativity in junior
schoolchildren are analyzed and the ways of planning the content and
organization of art lessons, effectively developing children's ability to form
images on aesthetic principles, are offered.
The results of higher school programs contest held by "Voprosy
psychologii" with sponsorship of Open Society Institute were published in previous issue. The texts
of winning programs are presented in this and the next issues. We wish to
underline high level of other programs beside published ones: O. M. Dyachenko's,
T. D. Martsinkovskaya's, V. Yu. Menovshchikov's, L. M. Mitina's, V. V.
Nagaev's, E. Yu. Novikova's, A. A. Tyukov's and E. B. Fantalova's. The winners
are:
Isaev E. I., Slobodchikov V. I. General psychology. Developmental
psychology
Ovcharenko V. I. Psychoanalytic anthropology
Kornilova T. V. Experimental methods in psychology
Borisova E. M. The principles of psychodiagnostics
Lokalova N. P. Psychodiagnostics of difficulties in learning and their
overcoming
Kleiberg Yu. A. Psychology of deviant behavior