SUMMARIES
Developing education:
Theoretical basis of preschool and junior school stages continuity
The means to achieve preschool and junior school stages continuity in
developing education are analysed. Genetic correlation of preschooler’s
imagination and junior schoolchild’s theoretical thinking is considered to be
basic psychological starting point of such a continuity. The principles of
necessary for preschoolers’ development conditions planning are discussed in
detail.
Zone’s of proximal
development cognitive and affective components in mentally retarded children
N.L. Belopol’skaya
The hypothesis on the necessity of two L.S.Vygotsky’s important notions:
of the unity of intellect and affect and of zone of proximal development
amalgamation is presented. Actual and possible levels of understanding of short
stories in normal and mentally retarded children were used as an experimental
model. Two-dimension scale for understanding level evaluation in 6-year-olds
was worked out. 5-score scale of answer evaluation and 3 ways of story’s
presentation (including combination of personal and rational contents) played
the role of measures. The results of experiment show that cognitive and
affective components of actual and possible levels of understanding can be used
as diagnostic tool for cognitive development in mentally retarded children
prediction.
V.I. Batov
The author describes Art-Express formalized method for psychological
evaluation of children by their drawings analysis. Children-victims’ of Tchernobyl
disaster pictures show some psychological disturbances; it is necessary to take
specific measures for correction.
E.D. Bozhovich
The notion of language competence is analysed, the problems of its
development in schoolchildren and the approaches to the solving of these
problems in the framework of padegogical psychology are discussed. Language
competence is considered to be psychological system, developing by the changes
in the correlation between its basic components — language experience and
language knowledge provided by school education.
Tolerance of stress factors in teachers
A.A. Rean, A.A. Baranov
The results of theoretical and empirical study of tolerance to stress in
teachers on different professional levels are presented. Personality mechanisms
in highly qualified teachers are of constructive nature and promote
professional development and selfrealization (true adaptation). Low
qualification level teachers employ situative means for stress overcoming
(authority delegation, keeping off difficult situations, etc.), which hinder
their professional and personal development (pseudo-adaptation). There is a
correlation between the tolerance of stress and professional motivation structure
and locus of control in teachers on different professional levels.
Child — parent problems demonstration by Rene Jile film-test
A.K. Osnitsky
Original method of Rene Jile film-test usage is described. It enables
the researcher to evaluate parents’ understanding of child’s position,
self-attitude, views on peers and on adults. The results of discribed method
implementation can be used in correction of child — parent problems.
Theoretical constructs and
psychological reality in motivation indices by Edwards’ questionnaire
T.V. Kornilova
The problems of motivation are discussed. Basic principles of Edwards’
EPPS are considered as well as quantitative indexation of motivation tendencies
and personality motivation profile, and the possibilities to reorient
psychological reality construed by a psychologist employing EPPS.
I.N. Trofimova
The author argues that there is correlation between temperamental
characteristics and special features of semantic space. Extraversy, social and
objective temperamental activity are connected to using in categorization the
evaluations characterized by larger activity, energy and strength. Neuroticism
is connected to a trend in object evaluation, according to which the objects
are considered to be passive, week, unordered and negative. Higher tempo in
object activity is connected to positive and active evaluation of the objects,
and higher tempo in social sphere is connected to more certain opinions.
A. Nguyen-Xuan, J. Shao
Modification of classic task of weight seriation — one of inaccurate
scales — was studied. It was shown that difficulty of two similar problems
solving depends on the number of deductions necessary for data processing. The
task of “inaccurate scales” can be used as cognitive development test.
Yu.A. Poluyanov
Psychologically substantiated process of educative guidance for children
artistic creative work can be built on the basis of L.S.Vygotsky’s theoretical
views on psychology of art and development of imagination and creativeness. It
enables one to purposefully influence child’s general and artistic development.
A.P. Stetsenko
The author describes, how L.S.Vygotsky’s work is studied in Western
universities and underlines specificity of its use in education.
A person of unusual fate
V.I. Kozlov
The author describes life and principal works of D.A.Oshanin in
connection to his 90th anniversary.
R.P. Mil’rud
The presence of subjective contour optical illusions and their
characteristics are argued to be the manifestation of nonverbal intellectual
abilities correlated to cognitive development level. Experimental data supporting
author’s views are presented.
Psychology of social situations
N.V. Grishina
The review of foreign publications on different determinations of
“social situation” term and situative factors’ influence on behavior is
presented.