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SUMMARIES

 

The development of a child's self-image during the first three years of life

N.N. Avdeeva

The forming of self-image in children having been brought up in families and in residential institutions is compared. A mirror was used as an experimental apparatus.  Reaction to child's own reflection was observed beginning at three months of age. Ten-months-olds brought up in families recognized themselves and differentiated their own reflections from that of other persons and of toys. Infants from institutions in such a situation often demonstrated indifference and negative emotions. A child's self-image depends on social interactions, communication and action experience; a difference between children brought up in fa-mily and in institution is a result of inadequate personal contacts of a child and adult.

 

Preschoolers' thinking during

experimenting with complex objects

A.N. Poddiyakov

4-6 year old childrens' experimenting with specially designed complex objects was studied. The process is considered to be that of investigatory activity including creative components and possessing its own foundations and effective mechanisms: Special features of learning motivation, goal-setting, knowledge of interaction systems, tendency to use complex manipulations and to organize them in certain combinations. The principles of didactic complex objects construction are presented. Children's group experimenting stimulated the comprehension of  multifactorial correlations.

 

Senior preschoolers' interrelations

in joint activity

N.V. Barilenko

The development of children's interrelations was studied. Besides joint actions and communication there are special space of commonness, co-organisation and means of personal designs and evaluations bringing into agreement. There are four stages of constructive interaction: self-recognition as an acting person; the attitude to another child as to the perpetrator of "another" activity; the forming of space of commonness; the forming of means to regulate   bringing into agreement different points of view.

 

Transitory psychic states and their

correlation to learning activity

A.O. Prokhorov

A large sample of students was used for the investigation of transitory psychic states in examination situation. Some physiological characteristics were recorded too. Learning achievements were found to play an important role in psychic states dynamics and in their turn were influences by the latter.

 

Between necessity and freedom: Methodology of short-term

psychological consulting

A.F. Kopiev

The author outlines basic philosophical-anthropological concepts of consulting psychologist. The emphasis is made on consultant's ability to see the patient not only as an object of professional activity but as free and responsible subject. Patient's  freedom is considered to be the most important factor forming the situation of consulting and connected to patient's problems. Rationalistic and naturalistic approaches are criticized and existential-dialogistic one is presented.

 

The attitude to social environment

in adolescent mercenary delinquents

E.V. Kuchinskaya

Special attitude to social environment differentiates delinquent from non-delinquent. The results of experimental study of such an attitude in adolescent mercenary delinquents are presented and its components and structure are described.

 

Psychological studies of nuclear power station operators’ professionalization

V.A. Mashin

Operators' professionalization is considered to be a process of self-development and a result of contradictory inner motives. Its dynamics is analyzed and critical periods are marked out.

 

Psychological-pedagogical planning

of student's introduction to pedagogical profession

V.I. Slobodchikov, N.A. Isaeva

The theoretical background of educative programs, taking into account developmental factors and planning is discussed.  The means and psychological prerequisites of students' introduction to pedagogical profession are analyzed. Specialized programs for that were found to be effective because of granted personal and vocational self-determination.

 

Ethno-functional approach

to psycho-prevention and bringing up

A.V. Sukharev

The author presents ethno-functional approach to theoretical, experimental, clinical and psychotherapeutical matters: Psychic connections of a person are considered to possess ethno-integrating or ethno-differentiating functions. This approach is applied to psycho-preventive and educational  spheres.

 

Dynamics of emotional reaction

of Russian customer to advertising

A.N. Lebedev

Psychological effectiveness of advertising in Russia is considered. The results of longitude study show that in spite of advertisers' protestations that quality of advertising is rising the customers' reaction to advertising has not changed. The changes in advertising are due mostly to financial and technological  aspects and do not affect customers' psychology.

 

Psychological basis for telecommunication's introduction in education

V.P. Dolmatov

The problem of learning communication is one of the most important problems of pedagogics and didactics. Its rational solution is impossible without modern technologies. Computer nets and telecommunication are just such ones. Communication must use special interactive sign models of activity in order to assure the transmission of activity mode. The introduction of telecommunication in education makes the creation of communicative educative medium (supporting collective-divided form of learning activity) necessary.

 

The reminiscences on the first

laboratory of labor psychology

V.M. Kogan, L.I. Seletskaya

The reminiscences are published in the connection to the 100th anniversary of S.G. Gellerstein, who (together with I.N. Spielrein) was the head of the first labor psychology laboratory. Their colleagues' reminiscences (a part of manuscript) describe the earliest stage of its functioning.

 

Visual preference as a manifestation

of affection during the first year of life

A.S. Batuev, A.G. Kashchavtsev,

M.V. Soboleva

Dynamics of mother - child affection forming is discussed. Visual preference of mother's face, stranger's face and a toy was compared. It is argued that visual preference of mother's face is a manifestation of affection forming, and temporal preference of stranger's face is due to the rise of investigative activity.