SUMMARIES
The development of a child's
self-image during the first three years of life
N.N. Avdeeva
The forming of self-image in
children having been brought up in families and in residential institutions is
compared. A mirror was used as an experimental apparatus. Reaction to child's own reflection was
observed beginning at three months of age. Ten-months-olds brought up in
families recognized themselves and differentiated their own reflections from
that of other persons and of toys. Infants from institutions in such a
situation often demonstrated indifference and negative emotions. A child's
self-image depends on social interactions, communication and action experience;
a difference between children brought up in fa-mily and in institution is a
result of inadequate personal contacts of a child and adult.
Preschoolers' thinking
during
experimenting with complex
objects
A.N. Poddiyakov
4-6 year old childrens'
experimenting with specially designed complex objects was studied. The process
is considered to be that of investigatory activity including creative
components and possessing its own foundations and effective mechanisms: Special
features of learning motivation, goal-setting, knowledge of interaction
systems, tendency to use complex manipulations and to organize them in certain
combinations. The principles of didactic complex objects construction are presented.
Children's group experimenting stimulated the comprehension of multifactorial correlations.
Senior preschoolers'
interrelations
in joint activity
N.V. Barilenko
The development of
children's interrelations was studied. Besides joint actions and communication
there are special space of commonness, co-organisation and means of personal
designs and evaluations bringing into agreement. There are four stages of
constructive interaction: self-recognition as an acting person; the attitude to
another child as to the perpetrator of "another" activity; the
forming of space of commonness; the forming of means to regulate bringing into agreement different points of
view.
Transitory psychic states
and their
correlation to learning
activity
A.O. Prokhorov
A large sample of students was used for the investigation of transitory
psychic states in examination situation. Some physiological characteristics
were recorded too. Learning achievements were found to play an important role
in psychic states dynamics and in their turn were influences by the latter.
Between necessity and
freedom: Methodology of short-term
psychological consulting
A.F. Kopiev
The author outlines basic philosophical-anthropological concepts of
consulting psychologist. The emphasis is made on consultant's ability to see
the patient not only as an object of professional activity but as free and
responsible subject. Patient's freedom
is considered to be the most important factor forming the situation of
consulting and connected to patient's problems. Rationalistic and naturalistic
approaches are criticized and existential-dialogistic one is presented.
The attitude to social
environment
in adolescent mercenary
delinquents
Special attitude to social environment differentiates delinquent from
non-delinquent. The results of experimental study of such an attitude in
adolescent mercenary delinquents are presented and its components and structure
are described.
Psychological studies of
nuclear power station operators’ professionalization
V.A. Mashin
Operators'
professionalization is considered to be a process of self-development and a
result of contradictory inner motives. Its dynamics is analyzed and critical
periods are marked out.
Psychological-pedagogical
planning
of student's introduction to
pedagogical profession
V.I. Slobodchikov, N.A.
Isaeva
The theoretical background of educative programs, taking into account
developmental factors and planning is discussed. The means and psychological prerequisites of students'
introduction to pedagogical profession are analyzed. Specialized programs for
that were found to be effective because of granted personal and vocational
self-determination.
Ethno-functional approach
to psycho-prevention and
bringing up
A.V. Sukharev
The author presents
ethno-functional approach to theoretical, experimental, clinical and
psychotherapeutical matters: Psychic connections of a person are considered to
possess ethno-integrating or ethno-differentiating functions. This approach is
applied to psycho-preventive and educational
spheres.
Dynamics of emotional
reaction
of Russian customer to
advertising
A.N. Lebedev
Psychological effectiveness
of advertising in Russia is considered. The results of longitude study show
that in spite of advertisers' protestations that quality of advertising is
rising the customers' reaction to advertising has not changed. The changes in
advertising are due mostly to financial and technological aspects and do not affect customers'
psychology.
Psychological basis for
telecommunication's introduction in education
V.P. Dolmatov
The problem of learning
communication is one of the most important problems of pedagogics and
didactics. Its rational solution is impossible without modern technologies.
Computer nets and telecommunication are just such ones. Communication must use
special interactive sign models of activity in order to assure the transmission
of activity mode. The introduction of telecommunication in education makes the
creation of communicative educative medium (supporting collective-divided form
of learning activity) necessary.
The reminiscences on the
first
laboratory of labor
psychology
V.M. Kogan, L.I. Seletskaya
The reminiscences are
published in the connection to the 100th anniversary of S.G. Gellerstein, who
(together with I.N. Spielrein) was the head of the first labor psychology
laboratory. Their colleagues' reminiscences (a part of manuscript) describe the
earliest stage of its functioning.
Visual preference as a
manifestation
of affection during the
first year of life
A.S. Batuev, A.G.
Kashchavtsev,
M.V. Soboleva
Dynamics of mother - child affection forming is discussed. Visual
preference of mother's face, stranger's face and a toy was compared. It is
argued that visual preference of mother's face is a manifestation of affection
forming, and temporal preference of stranger's face is due to the rise of
investigative activity.