SUMMARIES
The
attitude to a peer in preschoolers and its development
E.O.
Smirnova, V.G. Utrobina
A new approach to child’s attitude to a peer is offered.
Its development is analyzed in the context of inner dialogue with a peer. Age
dynamics and individual features of child’s attitude to another child are
investigated. The new units for interpersonal contacts are presented, based on
unity and opposition of objective and personal sides in children interaction.
Theoretical approach is illustrated by experimental results.
The
means of behavior regulation
in
preschoolers
V.E.
Veraksa, O.M. D’yachenko
The construction and regulation of child behavior depends
on the means (the structure which unites cultural tools and actions) used by a
child in the process of the orientation in reality. The analysis of anticipation
of fairy-tales events by 5—6 years old children makes it possible to find three
main means, three structures of the orientation. They are the
normative-stabilized structure (the use of the norms), the sense-formative
structure (the construction of child’s personal position regarding reality) and
dialectical-transformative structure (the operations with opposites).
Creative
development of personality
E.L.
Yakovleva
Creativeness is considered to be a realization of
personality. It manifests itself in interpersonal interaction process and
always is addressed to another person. One’s own personality manifestation is
psychological prerequisite for successful leadership. A hypothesis is argued
that psychological prerequisites of leadership are assisting the creativeness
to manifest itself as personal feature. A program of creative development of a personality
based on this hypothesis is offered. Its usage results in the rise of creative
indices by P. Torrance test in junior schoolchildren.
Interdisciplinary
approach to gifted
children
education
N.B.
Shumakova
Interdisciplinary educative program «Talented child»
based on psychological notions of specificity in gifted children development is
discussed. Application of these principles to school curriculum for 1—9 graders
is a new approach. Interest to learning and satisfaction by it in
schoolchildren with different levels of giftedness were estimated as well as
the results of longitude study of creative and intellectual development in
gifted children. The program «Talented child» promotes the development of
intellect and creativity during critical period of middle school age. The
satisfaction by learning is higher in the group of talented children as
compared to the group of able ones. It might be due to different attitude to
independent forms of learning and research.
Schoolchild’s
comprehension of fiction
G.G.
Granik, L.A. Kontsevaja
The study presents a part of broader program of
Reader’s bringing up. The reading of fiction is considered to be a dialogue of
the reader and the text. To make that possible the reader must be able to
distinguish text’s «signals» and to react to them. Presented methods show the
mechanism of such a dialogue in accomplished reader. It is compared to its
analogue in a schoolchild. The results of comparison underline the necessity of
special reader’s bringing up. The method for that is offered.
Two
sides of culture
in
schoolchildren’s notion
R.N.
Shcherbakov, O.N. Bolboka
The possibilities of forming harmonically developed
personality in humanitarian oriented school are discussed. Socio-cultural and culturological
approaches were used for that, presenting natural sciences as a phenomenon of
modern culture.
The
cross-cultural relevance of family-collective psychotherapy
in
the changing political paradigm
G.L.
Hirshhorn
An attempt is made to demonstrate that the
family-collective perspective provides psychotherapeutic insights relevant to
the cross-cultural transformation taking place in Eastern Europe.
Child’s
development during first year
of
life (Grandmother’s diary)
N.A.
Menchinskaya
In the commemoration of N.A. Menchinskaya’s
anniversary part of her diary is published.
Accuracy
of evaluation and
of
reproduction of sounds
and
personal features
Yu.V.
Bushov, N.N. Nesmelova
Accuracy of evaluation and reproduction of sounds are
found to depend on personal features (extraversion and introversion),
inhibition dynamics, right- and left-handedness, age, vegetative tone. The data
are compared for students — humanitarians and those studying natural sciences.
Reflection
development in young chess players and its diagnostics
S.D.
Neverkovich, N.V. Samoukina,
E.N.
Kuchumova
Diagnostic methods of reflection in young chess-players
estimation are described. They have form of educative tasks in the framework of
developing education. Some experimental data are presented.
The
problem of child’s social isolation
L.N.
Galiguzova
A review of foreign experience in dealing with a
problem of child’s social isolation is presented. Different theoretical
approaches and experimental methods are described.
Self-determination
and inner motivation of human behavior
V.I.
Chirkov
The author reviews motivation theories of Western
psychologists, especially of American scientists E.L. Deci and R.M. Ryan.