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Cultural
mechanisms of development
M. Cole
The article is a shortened
version of invited lecture for Conference honoring the scientific legacy of L.
S. Vygotsky,
The
peculiarities of 5—10-years old children's views on a soul
E. A. Savina
5-years old child has a view
on soul as on specific inner phenomenon which cannot be detected by eyesight
and touch. The soul is understood by a child to be a source of life and
movement, its functions are emotions, thinking, memory, desires. 6-years old
child considers emotional-moral aspects to be the main characteristics of a
soul; this is connected to such developmental formations as generalization of
experience and primary ethical notions. Some of the children of this age
demonstrate elements of own psychic organization reflection. The knowledge about
soul is not enriched with age; it is an evidence of modern educative system
failure to supply necessary means of psychic reality cognition.
Psychological
features of spelling literacy
G. G. Granik
The hypothesis of spelling
literacy main psychic mechanism being forestalling and keeping of rule-specific
morpheme blocks or accretion of morpheme parts is presented. The blocks play
part of holistic formations for a student and are immediately recognized. The
method of verifying the hypothesis was worked out and tried experimentally. It
forms a basis for textbook series.
The main
directions of psychological consulting of parents on parent — adolescent
conflict by youth help-line
A. N. Elizarov
Significant 2nd place (20% of
total amount of calls) is occupied by parent — adolescent conflict in
psychological consulting practice of Moscow Youth help-line. There are three
main directions of psychologist's activity aimed at parents in parent —
adolescent conflict: (1) contradictions in parent's value orientation when an
offspring plays the role of one of the sides in parent's inner conflict; (2)
the refusal on parent's side to form symmetrical interrelations with an
adolescent and to grant an adolescent adult status in the family; (3) parents'
inability to help an offspring to solve socialization problems connected to the
transition to adolescence.
Consumer's
economic behavior and the theory of activity
A. N. Lebedev, A. K. Bokovikov
The results of empirical
study of consumer's real activity depending on social role are presented. The
goods choice is determined not by economical factors (for instance, goods
price) but by activity goals. The authors argue that
general purposes of a person regardless of activity do not affect real consumer
choice. These findings are important for effective marketing and advertising.
Psychic
conditions of personal computer user
A. O. Prokhorov, A. E. Serezhkina
Typical psychic conditions
appearing in different situations when using personal computer (starting, finishing
work, overcoming difficulties) are described as well
as their influence on efficacy of activity. Age-specific, gender-specific,
professional and situative factors influence psychic
conditions actualization. The efficacy depends most on volitional and
motivation conditions.
The first
hotbed of psychological studies in Russian academy of sciences
M. G. Yaroshevsky
The organization and the
first stage of activity of psychological sector in Russian academy of sciences,
founded in 1945 by S. L. Rubinstein, are described. The main directions of its
activity -methodological-historical, general psychological, psychophysiological
are characterised.
The problems
of education and of development in N. A. Menchinskaya's
work
I. S. Yakimanskaya
The article dedicated to N.
A. Menchinskaya's works describes its content and
importance for general, educational, developmental and differential psychology
as well as educative practice.
The pages of a diary: dauhgter's development
N. A. Menchinskaya
A part of N. A. Menchinskaya's archive is published in commemoration of her
90-th anniversary.
Intelligence
indices and cognitive differentiation in junior schoolchildren
N. I. Chuprikova, T. A. Ratanova
The data on correlation of
Wechsler intelligence indices with signal differentiation speed shown by 5
samples of 11-years old schoolchildren are presented. Three interrelated
factors influence this correlation: markedness of
correlation between different tasks on signal differentiation; the degree of intercorrelation of intelligence subtests; the level of
intelligence development. It is argued that less developed intelligence is
characterized by united general level of signals and their correlation
differentiation. The data obtained are theoretically considered to be in accordance
with the notion of cognitive structures being the carriers of intellectual
abilities.
Newborn enfants' visual tracking in the situation of choice
A. S. Batuev, A. G. Kaschavtsev, M. V. Soboleva
50 newborn infants were
studied for their choice of visual object and its tracking. The babies 7—23
days old prefer face-like stimuli, whose having perinatal central nervous system disorders more so. When
choosing between face-like stimulus and mother's face all the infants prefer
the latter, when choosing between unknown face and mother's face they prefer
the former.
Express-method
of psychoemotional strain diagnostics
O. S. Kopina, E. A. Suslova, E. V. Zaikin
A new psychodiagnostic questionnaire “How do you feel” is
offered. It is designed
to evaluate psychoemotional strain and its sources.
The questionnaire as a whole and its scales are found to be valid, specific,
sensitive, predictive and diagnostically effective. Some results of its
application in population studies are presented.
Cross-modal
choice in preschoolers time evaluation
O. E. Surnina, V. I. Lupandin, N. V. Pustueva,
The authors analyze the
problem of preschooler's time perception. Experimental play method, based on
cross-modal choice, is presented. It was applied in the course of a study and
some results are described: preschooler's subjective time scale is much
narrower than objective physical one due to unproportional
time intervals evaluation.
Theory of
attachment: the concept and the experiment
E. O. Smirnova
The article lets the reader
to become acquainted with one of the most influential concepts of Western
developmental psychology — the theory of attachment. It is applicable to many
phenomena of child's intellectual and personal development The
main notions of the theory as well as principal directions of studies are
described.
The
psychologists in CIS: the questionnaire of “Voprosy Psychologii”
D. Nissim-Sabat,
E. V. Shchedrina
Subscribers to “Voprosy Psychologii” were asked to respond to a survey designed to assess the educational, employment and professional activities of psychologists in the Newly Independent States. The survey, adapted from the annual survey distributed by the American Psychological Association was completed by 120 respondents, of which 72, 5% were women and 27, 5% were men. The results indicate significant gender and age differences in education, employment and areas of specialization. Women, as compared to men, are more likely to specialize in developmental/social areas and work in educational settings. Men, on the other hand are more likely to have obtained degrees in psychology and work in university settings. This survey will be distributed yearly, and it is expected that the return rate will be higher in future years. The collection of this information will hopefully help in determining the various needs of the psychological profession and the role psychology will play in future public policy debates.