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SUMMARIES
A. B. Orlov
The article re-interprets traditional problematics of
personality psychology and presents the concept of human personality and the
essence as different (in its nature, origin and functions) psychological
instances. The problems of personality structure, its formation, specificity of
self-consciousness and its interrelations with the essence are discussed. The drama
of these interrelations in human life is determined as subject of humanistic
psychology.
Humanitarian
psychology: The subject and functions
L. I.
Vorob'eva
The results of philosophical and psychological roots
of humanitarian psychology analysis are presented. Humanitarian psychology is
considered to be post-classic stage of human being studies. Ten methodologic
principles of humanitarian psychology are formulated and the attempt is made to
show its origin in the broader understanding of natural sciences.
Elaboration of
personality-centered education technology
I. S.
Yakimanskaya
Different approaches to personality-oriented education
are described. The author offers a model of such an education based on the recognition
of pupil's subjective experience as an independent source of mental
development. The notion of original self-sufficing subjective experience in
education makes it necessary to elaborate pedagogical technology including an
analysis of the means of learning activity; student's independent choice of
personally meaningful context of a curriculum through the construction of its
content; equal discussion about it with a teacher; enrichment and
transformation of subjective experience through education.
An experience
in psychologo-pedagogical programming of teaming to read by the preschoolers
N. S. Pantina
The position of reading skills in general ontogenetic
development of a preschooler is determined: it is a part of sign-system
intellect formation. The representation of reading as of normative activity
enables to examine the level of individualization and subjectivation of child's
activity (special means of transformation, characteristic mistakes, main
difficulties). It is a way to individualization of education and effective
governing of educative processes.
Temporal
aspect of self-image in senior preschoolers
T. V.
Ermolova, I. S. Komortseva
Psychological time as perceived by preschoolers is
experimentally studied in personality and communicative context of early
development. It enables one to specify psychologic time psychosemantics and to
mark out the personal contacts as leading factor in temporal aspects of
self-consciousness in preschoolers. The unit of psychological time analysis is
self-image in the past, in the present and in the future considered as a unity
of cognitive and affective components of temporal self-regulation in young
children.
Poli-modal
approach and its application to child giftedness diagnostics
I. A.
Kurbatova
The problems of child giftedness diagnostics are
analyzed and substantiated by a poli-modal approach. The results of
experimental study illustrate the poli-modal approach and demonstrate its
predictive and heuristic advantages.
The influence
of Stalinist repressions of the thirties on family life in three generations
K. Baker, Yu.
B. Gippenreiler
The study of life stories of Stalinist repressions
victims' grandchildren confirms M. Bowen's hypothesis on correlation between
vertical cutoff and the efficiency of functioning in posterior generations.
This correlation is demonstrated for "basic functioning".
"Social functioning" in modem world is connected to grandchildren's
inheritance of moral and ideal values of grandparents, active search of contacts
with family roots ("family resources" after V. Satir) and the second
and third generations' active protests against authoritarian regime.
Why do the
Americans and Russians lie:
Russian
psychologist's reflections on P. Eckman's book
V. V. Znakov
Psychological peculiarities of lie comprehension in
Western and Russian cultures are discussed. Western definitions of lie usually
mention the person who is lied to; the lie is considered to be one of the forms
of violence -violation the rights of this person. Such a comprehension is
called moral-legal one. Russian tradition sees in lie morally wrong action of a
liar, and Russian dictionaries for the most part do not mention the person who
is lied to. Such an altitude is reflected by the results of experimental study
of Russian sample (286 persons). 90 participants included negative moral
personal characteristics of a liar in their definition of lie. Statistically
significant majority of participants think that white lie is the most common
form, e. i. people lie in order not to morally damage another person; only 20
participants consider the lie as a means to protect one's own personal rights.
Such an attitude is called subjective-moral one.
On the problem
of psychotherapy of, borderline personality disorders
E. T. Sokolova
Family context of forming of borderline personality
structure and splitting Self is analyzed. Pathogenous role of emotional
deprivation, emotional symbiosis and other kinds of psychological and physical
abuses in borderline personality disorders is underlined. The process of Self
integration is interpreted after L-S. Vygotsky's cultural-historical concept.
Some case studies from the author's own psychotherapeutical practice are
presented.
On Tartu
University students' estimation of their future
M. A. Kotik
The author presents a new modification of a method of
revealing one's attitude to personally important events (previous publication
see "Voprosy Psychologii", 1994, 1). The method is applied to Tartu
University students estimation of their future career and family life.
Estonians are much more optimistic as to their future than Russians. The
differences in estimations are found between boys and girls; students of
different faculties; students with different degrees of academic achievement.
The account of Russian Psychological society
foundation and its President address are presented.
Diagnostics of
mass media comprehension by senior schoolchildren
E-V. Shuvarikova
Mental development of senior schoolchildren was
diagnosed by means of mass media comprehension as one of its indices. The
stages of working out the test for mass media comprehension and the results of
its approbation on a sample of senior schoolchildren are described. The
practical application of such a test is possible in occupational consulting for
sociology, economy, politology, history, etc.
Psychology of
environment: sources and directions of development
Yu. G.
Abramova
Foreign studies of psychology of environment are
reviewed, especially those discussing interaction of human being and
environment. The notions of environmental behavior, environmental stress,
environmental assessment, etc. are presented.
The
development of emotion language in children
O. V. Gordeeva
Foreign studies as compared to Russian ones of
prerequisites and conditions of emotion language development are reviewed. The
process of interiorization of emotion names, of their meanings development is
shown to represent ontogenetic changes in structure of meanings. The
possibilities of structural analysis for the study of terms describing emotions
are discussed.