Âû íàõîäèòåñü íà ñàéòå æóðíàëà "Âîïðîñû ïñèõîëîãèè" â âîñåìíàäöàòèëåòíåì ðåñóðñå (1980-1997 ãã.).  Çàãëàâíàÿ ñòðàíèöà ðåñóðñà... 

158

 

ÐÅÇÞÌÅ ÍÀ ÀÍÃËÈÉÑÊÎÌ ßÇÛÊÅ

 

Problems and perspectives before Psychological institute

V. V. Rubtsov

 

The article is dedicated to the Institute's anniversary and describes its achievements and prospects.

 

From reaction to «live motion»:

N. A. Berstein and Psychological Institute in the twenties

I. E. Sirotkina

 

The author uses unknown archive materials to continue the publications in «Voprosy Psychologii» concerning the history of the Psychological Institute. A slogan of «Marxist psychology» was the means for K.N. Kornilov to reorganise the institute. The author describes the position of N.A. Berstein's biomechanical and physiological studies in reactological programme and the reasons for their popularity in Russian psychology.

 

Psychological institute: Reminiscences

 

Continued from NN 1-3.

 

Humanistic approach to the psychology of Intel-family relationships:

Positive versus negative

A. L. Shapiro

 

The author investigates the role of positive and negative oriented moral norms in the family as a main element of the «social developmental situation» (after L.S. Vygotsky) for every human individual. Evolutionary-genetic and cultural-historical premises of interpersonal relationships in the family are discussed in the framework of. psychology, religion and contemporary socio-biology. The evolutionary-genetic process is considered to be a positive essential of animal individual life.

That is why the human family, contrary to the standpoint of socio-biologists, is not just a biological machine for gene reproduction but is the «studio» that creates the self-sufficient individual.

 

Role of psychological influence in education

G. A. Ball, M. S. Burgin

 

The authors consider the notion of psychological influence. Its aspects (intentional, operational, resultative, status-role) are marked out and two main kinds of strategies are compared: monologic and dialogic. Some varieties are analyzed and the authors substantiate the necessity to make dialogic psychological influence predominant.

 

The importance of topical-situative forms of activity for preschooler's development

N. S. Pantina

 

Topical-situative forms of activity are connected to the development of symbolic-function. They call forth imitative playing actions and pictures fixing the interrelation between designator and designated. The ability to form topics-pictures leads to the development of situative thinking. Developmental changes are characterized by the specifics of self- expression: planning, choice, preferences.

 

Special abilities in teacher's personality structure

B. A. Vyatkin, T. M. Khrustaleva

 

Professional abilities were studied in a sample of 100 students of a pedagogical college. Based on neuro-dynamic, psychodynamic, personal and socio-psychological differences, they were found to have complex multiform formations including general and special pedagogical abilities.

 

The structure of psychological syndrome

A. L. Venger

 

Psychological syndromes are described and systemized in order to analyse normal and border- line cases of children's development.

 

159

 

For the evaluation of psychological syndrome and its adequate correction it is necessary to consider the interaction of three factors: subject's psychological traits, characteristics of the activity, and subject's interrelations with others.

 

Concerning one of important goals of adaptive education

M. S. Shekhter

 

The study shows that adaptive educative programs must correspond to general stage changes of knowledge and learning means. It is necessary to remember that for some subjects there is a stage of whole un-divided reflection of the objects of education. The recommendations concerning this stage are presented as well as concerning change of means specific for present stage to another ones.

 

Mediation: Psychological activity and psychological tools

A. Kozulin

 

The present study focuses on the issue of mediated learning as reflected in two conceptual systems: one associated with L.S. Vygotsky's notion of «psychological tools», the other associated with the notion of psychological activity, developed by A.N. Leontiev, P.I. Zinchenko and others. As a concrete test for these two conceptual systems the problem of a subject's discovery of and strategies for coping with contradictory information in a written text is chosen. It is argued that both psychological tools and psychological activity paradigms underestimated the complexity of a mediated learning situation and in particular overlooked the possibility that psychological tools would be used by subjects for the suppressing of cognitively dissonant (that is, contradictory) information.

 

Statistical modelling in psychology:

Pro and contra

E. L. Grigorenko

 

Structural equation modelling (SEM) is a modem statistical method that allows one to evaluate causal hypotheses on a set of intercorrelated nonexperimental data. The sample variances and covariances are compared to those predicted by a theory-based hypothetical model after optimal estimation of the parameters of the model. The goodness-of-fit of the empirical data to the hypothesized model is evaluated statistically. The author discusses «pro» and «contra» issues around using structural equation modelling.

 

Psychology in the Russian Academy of Education

V. P. Zinchenko

 

The article is dedicated to the 50-th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Education and to the 80-th anniversary of the Psychological institute. The psychologist's contribution to the educational sciences is analysed. The author concludes that within psychology there is such a phenomenon as psychological pedagogy rather than traditional pedagogical psychology.

 

Express-diagnostics of intellectual abilities in 6-7 Year-old children

E. I. Shcheblanova, I. S. Averina, E. N. Zadorina

 

The offered method of assessing intellectual abilities, «express-diagnostics», may be used as a quick reference study of 6-7 year-old children. Test tasks are made in picture form and don't require reading skills. The method tests knowledge and lexical stock, logical thinking and mathematical abilities. The method was tried on Moscow children and can be recommended for the selection of students to programmed advanced education schools.

 

Developmental psychology in China

Li Fan Khay

 

The author describes the development and some achievements of developmental psychology in China.