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Problems and perspectives before
Psychological institute
V.
V. Rubtsov
The article
is dedicated to the Institute's anniversary and describes its achievements and
prospects.
From
reaction to «live motion»:
N. A. Berstein and Psychological
Institute in the twenties
I. E. Sirotkina
The author
uses unknown archive materials to continue the publications in «Voprosy
Psychologii» concerning the history of the Psychological Institute. A slogan of
«Marxist psychology» was the means for K.N. Kornilov to reorganise the
institute. The author describes the position of N.A. Berstein's biomechanical
and physiological studies in reactological programme and the reasons for their
popularity in Russian psychology.
Psychological
institute: Reminiscences
Continued from NN 1-3.
Humanistic approach to the
psychology of Intel-family relationships:
Positive
versus negative
A.
L. Shapiro
The author
investigates the role of positive and negative oriented moral norms in the family
as a main element of the «social developmental situation» (after L.S. Vygotsky)
for every human individual. Evolutionary-genetic and cultural-historical
premises of interpersonal relationships in the family are discussed in the
framework of. psychology, religion and contemporary
socio-biology. The evolutionary-genetic process is considered to be a positive
essential of animal individual life.
That is why
the human family, contrary to the standpoint of socio-biologists, is not just a
biological machine for gene reproduction but is the «studio» that creates the
self-sufficient individual.
Role of psychological influence in
education
G.
A. Ball, M. S. Burgin
The authors
consider the notion of psychological influence. Its aspects (intentional,
operational, resultative, status-role) are marked out and two main kinds of
strategies are compared: monologic and dialogic. Some varieties are analyzed
and the authors substantiate the necessity to make dialogic psychological
influence predominant.
The importance of topical-situative
forms of activity for preschooler's development
N. S. Pantina
Topical-situative
forms of activity are connected to the development of symbolic-function. They
call forth imitative playing actions and pictures fixing the interrelation between
designator and designated. The ability to form topics-pictures leads to the
development of situative thinking. Developmental changes are characterized by
the specifics of self- expression: planning, choice, preferences.
Special abilities in teacher's
personality structure
B. A. Vyatkin, T. M. Khrustaleva
Professional
abilities were studied in a sample of 100 students of a pedagogical college. Based
on neuro-dynamic, psychodynamic, personal and socio-psychological differences,
they were found to have complex multiform formations including general and
special pedagogical abilities.
The
structure of psychological syndrome
A.
L. Venger
Psychological
syndromes are described and systemized in order to analyse normal and border-
line cases of children's development.
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For the evaluation of psychological syndrome and its
adequate correction it is necessary to consider the interaction of three
factors: subject's psychological traits, characteristics of the activity, and
subject's interrelations with others.
Concerning one of important goals
of adaptive education
M.
S. Shekhter
The study
shows that adaptive educative programs must correspond to general stage changes
of knowledge and learning means. It is necessary to remember that for some
subjects there is a stage of whole un-divided reflection of the objects of education.
The recommendations concerning this stage are presented as well as concerning
change of means specific for present stage to another ones.
Mediation: Psychological activity
and psychological tools
A.
Kozulin
The present
study focuses on the issue of mediated learning as reflected in two conceptual
systems: one associated with L.S. Vygotsky's notion of «psychological tools»,
the other associated with the notion of psychological activity, developed by
A.N. Leontiev, P.I. Zinchenko and others. As a concrete test for these two
conceptual systems the problem of a subject's discovery of and strategies for coping
with contradictory information in a written text is chosen. It is argued that
both psychological tools and psychological activity paradigms underestimated
the complexity of a mediated learning situation and in particular overlooked
the possibility that psychological tools would be used by subjects for the
suppressing of cognitively dissonant (that is, contradictory) information.
Statistical
modelling in psychology:
Pro
and contra
E.
L. Grigorenko
Structural equation modelling (SEM) is a modem statistical method that allows
one to evaluate causal hypotheses on a set of intercorrelated nonexperimental
data. The sample variances and covariances are compared to those predicted by a
theory-based hypothetical model after optimal estimation of the parameters of
the model. The goodness-of-fit of the empirical data to the hypothesized model
is evaluated statistically. The author discusses «pro» and «contra» issues
around using structural equation modelling.
Psychology in the
V.
P. Zinchenko
The article
is dedicated to the 50-th anniversary of the
Express-diagnostics of intellectual
abilities in 6-7 Year-old children
E.
I. Shcheblanova,
The offered
method of assessing intellectual abilities, «express-diagnostics», may be used
as a quick reference study of 6-7 year-old children. Test tasks are made in
picture form and don't require reading skills. The method tests knowledge and
lexical stock, logical thinking and mathematical abilities. The method was
tried on
Developmental psychology in
Li
Fan Khay
The author
describes the development and some achievements of developmental psychology in