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Psychological
institute: Reminiscences
Continued from N 2.
From
animal magnetism to ohlotelesuggestion
M.
G. Yaroshevsky
The analysis of hypnosis
and suggestion usage (beginning from mesmerism) for healing as compared to
physical and physiological factors is presented. There is some likeness between the notions of
"animal magnetism" and "bio-field" or
"bio-emanation". It is underlined that in Freud's hypnotic
manipulations the "physician - patient" relation was not diadical and "small group" was represented in it
due to transfer. In Le Bon's works suggestion was dependent on the
characteristics of such a "big group" as crowd. The break-up of
paternalism in modem
The
position of pathopsychology in the study of disease
history
B.
S. Bratus'
The interrelations of pathopsychology
and psychiatry are analyzed. Basing his position on B. V. Zeigamik's
opinion that psychological disfunction accompanying certain
psychic disease has probability character the author discusses the role of pathopsychology in the understanding of disease's nature
and argues that pathopsychology must not be
considered as nosological form of psychological
environment.
Psychological
contents of personal self-determination
M.
R. Ginsburg
A person is considered to be dual being:
spiritual-material, finite-endless, and temporal-timeless. The author presents
the notion of vital field of personality. It characterizes the unity of
value-sense and space-temporal existence. The vital field consists of
psychological past, psychological present and psychological future. Personal
self-determination is thus understood as substantial constructing of one's personal
vital field, including totality of individual vital senses and the space of
actual and potential real actions. Structural components of personal
self-determination are described in their value-sense and space-temporal
aspects.
Infant's
crying dynamics during first months of life
N.
Ya. Kushnir
One of the least known periods of infant's life - the
first two months - is investigated. The main problem of this period is enfant -
adult interaction. As a means of such an interaction crying is considered.
Different modulation characteristics are marked out as a result of planned
experiment. Typical forms of interaction with an adult during the first month
of child's life are reactive, and on the second month they become active. Some
qualitative characteristics of crying are described and some examples of
interaction changes, when an adult manages to understand "crying
language" better, are presented.
Psychological
analysis of schoolchildren's aggressiveness
A.
K. Osnitsky
Schoolchildren's aggressiveness in troublesome school
forms is investigated. The reasons for that, children's life history and
provoking situations are analyzed. The
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knowledge of children's self-regulation and their subjective
experiences can assist in understanding of concrete sociolization
mechanism misfunctions in child's and adult's
behavior.
Raising
children bilingually:
Re-reading
L. Vygotsky and A. Luria B.
Bain, A. YH,
The data of study show that L. Vygotsky's
and A. Luria's findings possess great prognostic
value. The authors argue that the mastering of four linguistic functions
manifesting themselves in learning self-regulation takes place according to Vygotsky's and Luria' ideas
regardless to monologous or bilingual contexts and
cultural specificity of
Special
features of text comprehension by adults and children
N.T.Erchak
Images and emotions produced by a fictional text in
adults and children were registered by means of tape recorder. The signals as a
rule corresponded to quite definite parts of the text, so it was possible to
assess this tendency as regular. The data seemed to corroborate the hypothesis that
the text was compressed into the units of image, emotional and sign elements.
This mechanism secured adequate comprehension of the text by people of
different age.
Learning
activity and comprehension
S.
V. Gerasimov
It is possible that the whole structure of productive
act of thought is more complex than usually estimated. The role of
comprehension in this structure is underlined and a new notion - "trial
activity" - is proposed. Learning activity is divided into searching and
trial ones. Different sides of trial activity are considered. Particular
attention is paid to child's activity during school education. "Induced
mutual help" is described.
Psychological
evaluation in professional selection for the office of Public Prosecutor:
Modern
state and perspectives
V.
V. Romanov, M. V. Kroz
The necessity of improvement in prosecutor office activity
makes the psychological evaluation of employees the matter of first priority,
especially those who are to be the higher executives. In order to solve this
problem the authors have worked out the professional program for prosecutor's
activity. They provide a list of psychological characteristics necessary for
such an activity and a battery of tests for professional diagnostics.
Pedological practical inheritance
from psychologist-practitioner's point of view
M.
N. Grigor'eva
The practical experience of pedologists,
who practiced in the twenties and thirties in the framework of an educational
system, is analyzed from a modem school psychologist's point of view. Brief
characteristics of pedology as a science and pedological service organization are presented. The author
also gives a detailed description of the activity of a practical school
psychologist. Some bibliography on pedology and
practical inheritance from the author's own experience as school psychologist
is offered.
The
prognosis of human behavior as a result of expert psychodiagnostical
system use
I.
N. Trofimova
Prognostic value of psychodiagnostics
depends on the possibilities of data interpretation, researcher's concepts of
interpretation and forming of the model of subjects' behavior in future. It can
increase significantly in case of use of computerized expert system.
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The
model of "standpoint" teaching of students
N.
Ye. Veraksa
The paper represents the method of
"standpoint" teaching. The main features of this technique can be
described in the following way: a group of students is divided into several subgroups,
according to students' own preference.. After that
each subgroup analyses the material from its own particular point of view,
taking an approach specific for that subgroup. Each point of view is
characterized and substantiated with a psychological basis.
Structural-functional
characteristics of integral individuality
V.
V. Belous
The connections among different sides of integral
personality, representing the same and different levels of it, are analysed. The former is illustrated by heuristic collaboration
of temperament and activity; the latter is ensured by objective needs of
activity, stimulating success in paritet dialogue,
self-assertion, self-exposure, personal development.
Extracting
and interpretation of psychological basic notions
V.
I. Ginetsinsky
The nuclear structure of conceptual-terminological
apparatus in psychology is analyzed. The author differentiates between general
scientific psychology and special components of it. Extracting and regulating
procedure is based on five categories: substance, space, time, energy and
information. The author presents basic psychological notions as system of ten
"verbal-geometrical expressions" such as "perceptive
processes", "cognitive processes", "sensoric
processes", etc.
Concerning
two levels of psychic regulation in human behavior
V.
A. Mashin
The notion of two levels of psychic regulation in
human behavior is analyzed. The main difference lies in different sources of
balance breach: outer source, when the subject reacts, and inner one, when the
subject is active in search of new relations, new communications. The analysis
lets to see the two levels correspondence to basic psychological concepts -
individual and personality.
Ontopsychology: Principal ideas, purposes,
concepts and methods
A.
B. Orlov
The author makes known to the readers new scientific
school of ontopsychology, founded in 1970 by professor A. Menegetti (