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Psychological institute: Reminiscences

 

Continued from N 2.

 

From animal magnetism to ohlotelesuggestion

 

M. G. Yaroshevsky

 

The analysis of hypnosis and suggestion usage (beginning from mesmerism) for healing as compared to physical and physiological factors is presented. There is some likeness between the notions of "animal magnetism" and "bio-field" or "bio-emanation". It is underlined that in Freud's hypnotic manipulations the "physician - patient" relation was not diadical and "small group" was represented in it due to transfer. In Le Bon's works suggestion was dependent on the characteristics of such a "big group" as crowd. The break-up of paternalism in modem Russia is connected to the increase of psychosomatic cases and it results in the increase of popularity of telehypnosis and telesuggestion seances. This specific phenomenon can be named "ohlotelesuggestion". The crowd (ohios) represented by teleaudience has no structure and is heterogenous. The active factor is represented by "telepersona", possessing social authority and influencing every individual construing the croud. It is stated that ohiotelesuggestion was used during last election in Russia by one of reactionary politicians - V. Zhirinovsky.

 

The position of pathopsychology in the study of disease history

 

B. S. Bratus'

 

The interrelations of pathopsychology and psychiatry are analyzed. Basing his position on B. V. Zeigamik's opinion that psychological disfunction accompanying certain psychic disease has probability character the author discusses the role of pathopsychology in the understanding of disease's nature and argues that pathopsychology must not be considered as nosological form of psychological environment.

 

Psychological contents of personal self-determination

 

M. R. Ginsburg

 

A person is considered to be dual being: spiritual-material, finite-endless, and temporal-timeless. The author presents the notion of vital field of personality. It characterizes the unity of value-sense and space-temporal existence. The vital field consists of psychological past, psychological present and psychological future. Personal self-determination is thus understood as substantial constructing of one's personal vital field, including totality of individual vital senses and the space of actual and potential real actions. Structural components of personal self-determination are described in their value-sense and space-temporal aspects.

 

Infant's crying dynamics during first months of life

 

N. Ya. Kushnir

 

One of the least known periods of infant's life - the first two months - is investigated. The main problem of this period is enfant - adult interaction. As a means of such an interaction crying is considered. Different modulation characteristics are marked out as a result of planned experiment. Typical forms of interaction with an adult during the first month of child's life are reactive, and on the second month they become active. Some qualitative characteristics of crying are described and some examples of interaction changes, when an adult manages to understand "crying language" better, are presented.

 

Psychological analysis of schoolchildren's aggressiveness

 

A. K. Osnitsky

 

Schoolchildren's aggressiveness in troublesome school forms is investigated. The reasons for that, children's life history and provoking situations are analyzed. The

 

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knowledge of children's self-regulation and their subjective experiences can assist in understanding of concrete sociolization mechanism misfunctions in child's and adult's behavior.

 

Raising children bilingually:

 

Re-reading L. Vygotsky and A. Luria B. Bain, A. YH, I. A. Panarin

 

The data of study show that L. Vygotsky's and A. Luria's findings possess great prognostic value. The authors argue that the mastering of four linguistic functions manifesting themselves in learning self-regulation takes place according to Vygotsky's and Luria' ideas regardless to monologous or bilingual contexts and cultural specificity of Europe, North America or Asia.

 

Special features of text comprehension by adults and children

 

N.T.Erchak

 

Images and emotions produced by a fictional text in adults and children were registered by means of tape recorder. The signals as a rule corresponded to quite definite parts of the text, so it was possible to assess this tendency as regular. The data seemed to corroborate the hypothesis that the text was compressed into the units of image, emotional and sign elements. This mechanism secured adequate comprehension of the text by people of different age.

 

Learning activity and comprehension

 

S. V. Gerasimov

 

It is possible that the whole structure of productive act of thought is more complex than usually estimated. The role of comprehension in this structure is underlined and a new notion - "trial activity" - is proposed. Learning activity is divided into searching and trial ones. Different sides of trial activity are considered. Particular attention is paid to child's activity during school education. "Induced mutual help" is described.

 

Psychological evaluation in professional selection for the office of Public Prosecutor:

Modern state and perspectives

 

V. V. Romanov, M. V. Kroz

 

The necessity of improvement in prosecutor office activity makes the psychological evaluation of employees the matter of first priority, especially those who are to be the higher executives. In order to solve this problem the authors have worked out the professional program for prosecutor's activity. They provide a list of psychological characteristics necessary for such an activity and a battery of tests for professional diagnostics.

 

Pedological practical inheritance from psychologist-practitioner's point of view

 

M. N. Grigor'eva

 

The practical experience of pedologists, who practiced in the twenties and thirties in the framework of an educational system, is analyzed from a modem school psychologist's point of view. Brief characteristics of pedology as a science and pedological service organization are presented. The author also gives a detailed description of the activity of a practical school psychologist. Some bibliography on pedology and practical inheritance from the author's own experience as school psychologist is offered.

 

The prognosis of human behavior as a result of expert psychodiagnostical system use

 

I. N. Trofimova

 

Prognostic value of psychodiagnostics depends on the possibilities of data interpretation, researcher's concepts of interpretation and forming of the model of subjects' behavior in future. It can increase significantly in case of use of computerized expert system.

 

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The model of "standpoint" teaching of students

 

N. Ye. Veraksa

 

The paper represents the method of "standpoint" teaching. The main features of this technique can be described in the following way: a group of students is divided into several subgroups, according to students' own preference.. After that each subgroup analyses the material from its own particular point of view, taking an approach specific for that subgroup. Each point of view is characterized and substantiated with a psychological basis.

 

Structural-functional characteristics of integral individuality

 

V. V. Belous

 

The connections among different sides of integral personality, representing the same and different levels of it, are analysed. The former is illustrated by heuristic collaboration of temperament and activity; the latter is ensured by objective needs of activity, stimulating success in paritet dialogue, self-assertion, self-exposure, personal development.

 

Extracting and interpretation of psychological basic notions

 

V. I. Ginetsinsky

 

The nuclear structure of conceptual-terminological apparatus in psychology is analyzed. The author differentiates between general scientific psychology and special components of it. Extracting and regulating procedure is based on five categories: substance, space, time, energy and information. The author presents basic psychological notions as system of ten "verbal-geometrical expressions" such as "perceptive processes", "cognitive processes", "sensoric processes", etc.

 

Concerning two levels of psychic regulation in human behavior

 

V. A. Mashin

 

The notion of two levels of psychic regulation in human behavior is analyzed. The main difference lies in different sources of balance breach: outer source, when the subject reacts, and inner one, when the subject is active in search of new relations, new communications. The analysis lets to see the two levels correspondence to basic psychological concepts - individual and personality.

 

Ontopsychology: Principal ideas, purposes, concepts and methods

 

A. B. Orlov

 

The author makes known to the readers new scientific school of ontopsychology, founded in 1970 by professor A. Menegetti (Italy).