126
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On a problem of moral
consciousness in the last century culture
B. S. Bratus
The phenomenon of a
"Soviet person" is of the most significant and mysterious nature for
the 20th century. Its appraisal from the psychological standpoint, on the basis
of the author's own original conception of levels in personality structure is
presented for the first time. Of special interest is comparative analysis,
based on this conception, of Soviet mentality and the types of moral consciousness
inherent to Russian (pre-Revolutionary) and West European cultures.
Child's psychic development
and environment
G. A. Kovalev
Some principles of
systematic-ecological, synergetic approach in analysis of psychic and personal
development of human being are described. Individual development and education
are connected to environmental (physical, socio-cultural,
interpersonal) mastering. Environment is considered as an unified
socio-ecological system, open or closed, which has corresponding consequences
for personal development.
Educational space as a space
of development ("school of maturing")
I. D. Frumin, B. D. Elkonin
Constructing
principle of educational space is polarization îf child—adult
life, and its poles are age-specific space and non-age-specific one.
Age-specific space must be organized as a "school of maturing".
Stages of learning in such a school must comprise the development of
subjectness—self-reliance and responsibility. The changes of subjectness must be
attained as a result of organizational changes in learning activity. Different
forms of learning activity are conceived as age-specific strata, and school
buildings and schoolrooms—as
age-specific symbols. Non-age-specific space doesn't include any marked
age-specific differences and norms. The structure of one age-specific stage
mirrors the structure of educational space as a whole. The latter too must be
based on the notions of eventfulness and mediation, achieved by means of
polarization in the forms of studies with children.
Psychological mechanisms of
intellectual giftedness
M. A. Holodnaya
The priority of
intellectual giftedness studies is substantiated and the main obstacles for the
investigation of this psychological phenomenon are shown. The characteristics
of composition and structure of individual cognitive experience are considered
to be psychological carriers of intellectual giftendness manifestations.
Psychological model using four levels of cognitive mechanisms of intellectual
giftedness is presented. It consists of intellectual structures, intellectual
abilities, intellectual control, and intellectual criteria.
Radiation image in drawings
of schoolchildren residing on polluted territories
T. I. Puhova
Individual features
of radiation image perception by schoolchildren residing on polluted
territories were experimentally studied by means of their drawings analysis.
General characteristics are described and the drawings are grouped in five
categories.
Psychic
development of junior schoolchildren correction on the early stages of
education
T.
Yu. Andrushchenko, N. V. Karabekova
Play correction of
psychic development of a child in transition from preschool age to early stages
of education is described. It is based on the principle of complementarity of
activity (play for a preschooler and learning activity for a schoolchild). The
possibilities of correction plays, stages of their organization, some results
of correction are shown.
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Shaping of positive public
image of the new Russian entrepreneurs
M. I. Meliya, M. V. Rozin
The possibilities of
purposeful formation of business and businessmen positive public image by means
of modern psychology are discussed. Specific conditions of contemporary Russia
are considered. The author employs data obtained in studies and practice of
Russian-American Psychological Centre RHR International/Ecopsy.
Under-age victims of sexual
violence personality analysis
V. L
Vasiliev, I. I. Mamaichuk
Psychological characteristics
of 10-15-years-old victims of sexual crimes are studied by the results of 32
cases of legal psychological expertise. The analysis is based on the battery of
methods. Some experimental data are presented.
A dread of computer—its
nature, prevention, overcoming
O.
V. Doronina
A dread of computer
is one of negative sides of mass computerization. 9 types of it
depending on subjective marking out of situative component in person-computer
interaction and previous anxiety experience are differentiated. These types
have different origins and connections to the beginner stage of computer
education. The analysis of dread of computer overcoming enables to produce
automated prevention course including diagnostics and individual training of
psychological skills necessary for computer-mediated activity.
The hypothesis of
somatic-psychic dissonance: Neurosological, narcological and psychotherapeutic
aspects
A. I. Paley
The hypothesis of
somatic-psychic dissonance presents an attempt to develop S. Schachter's theory
of emotions and to apply it to the mechanisms of stable personal changes
studied by neurosology, narcology and psychotherapy. The author underlines the
importance of psychological aspects in pharmakologic therapy of neuroses and
analyses some features and sets of alcoholics. There is a possibility to use
the hypothesis in the investigation of masked unspecific factors common for
different psychotherapeutic methods.
"Inner picture of
health"— is it a term or a conception?
V. E. Kagan
The author of a
notion of "inner picture of health" (1986)
discusses the latter not as a term, but as a conception which allows to present
some new for the medicine problems— first of all the problem of
health culture. The author considers the notion of "inner picture of
health" not to be an antonym for "inner picture of illness" one,
coined by A. R. Luria in 1929.
To the memory of Teacher
V. P. Zinchenko
Well-known Russian
psychologist V. P. Zinchenko describes his scholarship under P. Ya. Galperin—one
of the founders of modern Russian psychology.
Theory of planned formation
of intellectual actions today
N. F. Talyzina
Contemporary
situation in the development of planned formation of intellectual actions
theory is reviewed. Some important results of the studies are outlined.
Speeches and addresses on
Psychological Institute opening
Continued from N 5-6, 1992.
Anxiety index increase as a
result of self-evaluation and aspiration divergence
L. V.
Borozdina, E. A. Zaiuchenova
The relationship of
self-evaluation and level of aspiration to anxiety index was studied. Dembo—
Rubinstein, Hoppe—Jucknat and Taylor (MAS) techniques were administered to 80
subjects of 21-35 years of age. High anxiety index is acknowledged to be
connected to low self-evaluation. More complex relationship has been found. Low
and medium anxiety scores were registered for converging self-evaluation and
aspiration levels, when aspirations were higher or lower than self-evaluation.
This phenomenon is analyzed in detail.