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РЕЗЮМЕ
НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
The crisis of childhood and the basis for
child's development projecting
To
project child's development space it is necessary to hypotheses what period of childhood
historical development is taking place—critical or stable. The crisis of
childhood is characterized by the child's loss of the participation in adult
life and of its comprehension. Three categorical constructs are used in
theoretical description of childhood history: ideal form, eventful-ness.
intermediation. Childhood crisis is a loss of ideal form, a crisis of
eventfulness in child-adult life and a crisis of intermediation in between
child and adult. Modern childhood crisis concerns the childhood in which the
culture mastering stages coincide with maturation stages. The projecting of
child's development space in critical period demands the objectivation of
childhood contradictions and the determination of intermediatory's position and
not educative system's reforms.
V.
V. Davydov, V. 1. Slobodchikov, G. A. Zuckerman
The possibilities of learning
self-dependence of junior schoolchildren development by means of learning activity
are discussed. Theoretical analysis of developing mechanisms of learning
activity shows three independent planes of its functioning: mental activity,
cooperation, self-consciousness. Present state of learning activity theory and
practice allows almost no realization of children's self-consciousness. It
hinders full development of junior schoolchildren's reflective self-dependence,
being the base of learning ability. The reserves of learning activity ensuring
fill value learning ability realization in primary school are marked out.
The
necessity of education psychology development is stressed because of the
transition to permanent education and due to it psychological characteristics
of students change. The education psychology is considered in broad context
including education without teacher's assistance. One of its forms known as
mutual education is described.
Spirituality and person-centered approach:
M. V.-B. Bowen
The
author explains what a person-centered approach means to her. It is based on
three main assumptions about the nature of human being—the tendency for
self-determination, the self-regulatory principle and the existence of an inner
self. The difference between the psychological conditions of psychotherapy and
supportive encounter are discussed also.
A
shortened version of a chapter from a textbook (Krech D., Crutchfield R., Livson N. Elements of psychology. N. Y.,
1974) is presented.
Concerning Russian
psychology history
Some
data on the first Russian psychological institute foundation are presented.
Developmental psychology
problems (reading Mandelshtam's poetry)
V.
P. Zinchenko
Continued from N 4, 5, 6 1991.