Ponomarenko V. A.
Real education can
be achieved by overcoming of State's monopoly to be in charge of person's
consciousness, not owned by the State. Its philosophy is complicated and clear:
teaching is not a profession but vocation, not work but mission. School's
resultativeness manifests itself not in the evaluation of human potential for
absorbtion of knowledge but in society's culture, humanization of labour and
high level of spiritual life.
Worlds of
consciousness and its structure
Zinchenko V. P.
The article is
dedicated to the memory of outstanding philosopher M. K. Mamardashvili. The
author has had the privilege to cooperate with him in consciousness problems'
investigation. Uncomplicated enough structure of consciousness is proposed
comprising four components: meaning and sense (the first level), biodynamic and
sensoric matter (the second level). Some properties and interactions of these
components (possibility of observation, mutual transformations, transmutations,
phase transitions) are described. The possibility of consciousness flow
structuring in connection with the new tide of anticonstructivism is discussed.
Proposed structure can be differentiated and possesses of the potential for the
explanation of the real consciousness phenomena variety.
Age category in
psychology and pedagogy of development
Slobodchikov V. I.
The article deals
with categorial analysis of age problem in psychology and pedagogy of
development in the framework of European humanitarian culture. The analysis
serves as a basis for normative matrix of age for all the person's life span.
The age as such is interpreted as an unit for designing of developing education
and self-education systems.
Role of preschoolers'
joint work in the development of cognitive activity
Kotyrlo V. K.,
Dutkevich T. V.
The transition
from curiosity to cognitive activity helps children to make the first steps to
inquisitiveness and develops cognitive activity as means of various play and
practical problems' solution. Role of joint activity in development of
preschoolers' cognitive activity is far from having single meaning. It depends
on qualitative peculiarities of group interaction and is determined by the
goals set and results obtained. When cognitive problem is the object of
interaction, mutual exchange and mutual enrichment take place. If the object of
interaction is the choice of solution, the group does not influence cognitive
sphere of its participants.
Personal
peculiarities, behavior styles and professional self-identification types in
future teachers
Zakharova L. N.
The results of
unexperienced teachers' behavior study during professional adaptation are
presented. It is shown that one of the basic factors destabilizing activity and
provoking ineffective forms of behavior is the discrepancy between the
motivation when planning activity and real motivation when realizing the plan.
In subjectively complicated situations considerable part of examinees
possessing domineering motives of personal self-assertion undergoes (not taken
into consideration) change from pragmatically motivated activity to personally
motivated one. This process is mediated by some individual motivational and
emotional characteristics. Different behavior styles in complicated pedagogical
situations connected to different personal peculiarities are presented.
Scenario approach to
forming experiment's organization
Samoukina N. V.
It is shown that
practical psychological-pedagogical activity and forming experiment possess
their own specificity and need special organization
different from traditional
one. Forming influence and research proper must be separated as well as their
personification: there have to be an experimenter (or experiment's organizer)
and a researcher. They should cooperate and communicate. The forming experiment
then has its own scenario, definite stages of realization and a programme.
Psychological analysis
of criterion task
Gorbachiova Ye. I.
The notion of
criterion task belongs to psychological diagnostics, forming and developing the
new direction-criterion-oriented testing. The present article deals with means
and ways of criterion task psychological analysis. The methods of solving
learning problems corresponding to developmental logics and concrete-historic content
of thinking in specific subject matter are considered. Research in the field of
psychological analysis of criterion task should lead to the construction of
scientifically based picture of cognitive development in philo- and
ontogenesis.
Student's subjective
experience and methods of psychological education
Levchenko E. V.
Psychological
education is traditionally oriented toward didactic problems: content, forms
and methods of education. The author proposes to consider the methods of
psychological education as a part of psychological knowledge. The problems of
psychology of teaching and learning rather than teaching and learning problems
themselves must be paid attention, especially the problem of the subject's of
learning activity psychology (when learning some psychological discipline).
Empirical data show that students starting the studies of psychology have
expectations conditioning their comprehension of psychological theories.
How to assist the
child to endure grief
Andreeva A. D.
The problem of rendering
help to a child who lost near relation is analysed. The characteristics of
child's endurance of grief are considered as well as concrete ways of
influencing the child whose relative is incurable or suddenly died. Different
aspects of assistance to widowed parent and child's perception of sibling's
death are discussed. Concrete methods of interaction with enduring greif child
necessary for parents and teachers are presented.
Personal sets and
delinquiency
Ivanchenko V. N.,
Asmolov A. G., Enikolopov S. N.
The authors
propose to reconsider the notion of "antisocial set" filling it with
psychological content. Otherwise it does not reflect person's true motives. The
latter fact can be clearly seen in the studies of delinquents' aggressive
behaviour.
The criteria for
different level foundations of individuality's discernment
Belous V. V.
The author
substantiates the unsoundness of reductionist concepts of individuality
reducing the variety of subsystems of the "person-society" system to
the only determinant: definite correlation. Using the principle of
multi-multifactorial correlation between higher and lower phenomena of reality,
presented by V. S. Merlin, the author states and resolves the problem of
different level properties of individuality discernment-by diagnostical,
functional and processual methods.
Schoolchildren's
musical perception psychology
Tarasov G. S.
The problem of
schoolchildren's musical perception is discussed in connection to D. B.
Kabalevskiy's programme for secondary school "Music". The
peculiarities of child's musical perception and two types of musical hearing
are shown. Some recommendations for musical teacher are given.
Julian Ochorowics's
scientific contribution to psychology
Moroz A. V.,
Poltashevskaya E. S.
The paper presents
an outstanding Ukrainian an Polish scientist, full member of the Russian
Psychological Society, initiator of the 1-st International Psychological
Congress and the International Institute of Psychology, professor
extraordinarius of the Lvov University, Ivan Franko' teacher Julian
Ochorowicz's scientific research. J. Ochorowicz greatly contributed to the
development of psychological science and its aspects as well as to medicine and
technology. His hypnotism theory is described. J. Ochorowicz's inheritance should
be introduced to Soviet psychologists.
The Munich
longitudinal study of giftedness
Heller K. A., Perleth
C., Sierwald W.
Giftedness defined
as individual cognitive, motivational and social potential to perform at a high
level in one or more of the following areas: intelligence, creativity, social
competence, artistic ability, psychomotor ability was studied on a large
national (Germany) sample with six age cohorts. The results of tests are
presented. The tasks of applied developmental psychology in order to nurture
young talents are discussed.
Psychological-pedagogical
problems of computer diagnostics of comprehension
Naumov N. D.
The results of
experimental study of positive and negative emotions' correlation are
presented. The emotions are considered as personal characteristic and as
reaction on positively colored situation.
As psychophisiologic characteristic electric-skin resistance was
used. Two polar groups were marked out: emotionnally positive and emotionnally
negative. The majority of examinees belonged to intermediate group.
Introspective and projective methods were shown to be the most informative.
The experience of
complex study of education differentiation
Golubeva E. A.,
Izumova S. A., Kabardov M. K., Kadyrov B. R., Matova M. A., Pechenkov V. V., Suvorova
V. V., Tikhomirova I. V., Turovskaya Z. G., Usim E. D.
The psychological-pedagogical problem
of computer usage as a means for diagnostics of child's intellectual
development is discussed. The characteristics of exercising analysis by 12- 13
years old schoolchildren were studied and psychological requirements to the
methods of this action study formulated. The usage of a computer in such a
diagnostics is substantiated. The effectiveness of computer usage in
diagnostics of comprehension is due to the possibility of exteriorization of
analysis (planning and reflection as well). The process can be fixed to enable
the participants to realize it.
Experimental study of
positive and negative emotions
Kepalaite A. P.,
Suvorova V. V.
The results of
three-level (phisiological, psychological, and behavioristic) experimental
study of adolescents' (12-13 years olds) individual-typological characteristics
are presented. Close relationship between abilities and success of learning
activity and nervous system typological properties was found. Less pronounced
correlations exist between typological properties and inclinations and general
orientation of personality. Specialized classes are formed on inclination basis
really. Complex diagnostics of abilities makes it possible to activate
students' potential in differentiated education.
The development of
dialogue in thinking problem solving by schoolchildren
Belova E. S.
A new approach to
the research of dialogue's role in cognitive structure is presented. It is
based on analysis of the dialogue components directed to interaction with
another person. Three age stages (8-9, 12-13 and 15-16 years olds) in dialogue
interaction were experimentally studied. It is shown that the development of
dialogue thinking structure is characterised by qualitative changes having two
general tendencies: ability to dialogue interaction with a partner and the
development of inner dialogue.
Device for attention
and memory study
Kuznetsov A. I.,
Korenevskiy N. A.
The description of
a device for complex attention and operative memory study is presented. It is
illustrated by concrete psychological methods' implementation, possibilities of
their technical realization are shown. Some areas of the device's possible
usage are suggested.
The research in
children's economic conceptions
Shchedrina E. V.
Foreign literature
concerning children's economic conceptions is reviewed.. The author marks out
four variables influencing economic notions: child's age, gender,
social-economical status of child's parents, national-cultural characteristics.
The methods of economic conceptions' study are described and some
recommendations for parents given.