Anthropological approach to psychological health problem

A.V. Shuvalov

The problem of psychological health in its scientific and ideological aspects is a leitmotif of this article. Basic concepts of psychological health theory are presented. Comparative analysis of the approaches to psychological health problem is given. Anthropological model of psychological health is described. The sources and main forms of psychological health disturbances are mentioned.

Key words: psychological health, subjective reality, eventualcommunity, self-transcendence, developmental norm, anthropogeny, anthropopractice.

 

Modern teenager’s notions on the school graduate’s qualities

V.S. Sobkin, A.S. Burelomova

The views of senior schoolchildren on priority purposes of school education and personality forming were examined. The data presented are based on fill-in-the-blanc questioning of Moscow schoolchildren, Latvian schoolchildren and Russian teenagers educated in Latvian schools for national minorities. The data of monitoring by Sociology of education institute since 1988 were used also. The analysis of data obtained shows that teenagers’ notions of socially meaningful characteristics which the school must develop depends on respondents’ gender and age, on their socio-cultural group (for instance national minority) as well as on general changes in economics and politics.

Key words: teenagers, purpose orientations, meaningful personal characteristics, school purposeful functions, ideal model of a graduate.

 

Stigmatization of families with member suffering from schizophrenia

N. Dragojević, M. Gligorović, I. Milačić–Vidojević

Statistically significant differences in the degree and the structure of stigmatization of various family roles are established, particularly in between parents and siblings. More blame for onset or offset of illness and for incompetence is attributed to parents. In comparison to siblings they could be more easily contaminated, and should be more ashamed and avoided. Comparison of stigmatization of family roles of mother and father shows that fathers are thought of as being less competent and mothers as being more exposed to contamination, the result which could be reflecting the cultural impact.

Key words: stigmatizing stereotypes, family roles, endorsement of stigma.

 

Mnemonic abilities of retarded children of 7–12 years old

L.V. Cheremoshkina, S.V. Murafa

It is found that the structure of mnemonic abilities of retarded children of 7–12 years old is marked by specific underdevelopment and almost complete absence of operational mechanisms. Regulating mechanisms of mnemonics are not diagnosed as well. Memorization is due to functional mechanisms. Inability to copy simple non-verbal material after memorization and correct reproduction by retarded children of 7–12 years old was found. Possible causes of such a phenomenon are argued.

Key words: retardation, mnemonic abilities, functional, operational, regulating mechanisms, inability to copy memorized and reproduced material.

 

Interpersonal tolerance in students and their group status

G.S. Kozhukhar, I.V. Vagurin

Special features of connections among different types of interpersonal tolerance in students and their group status are analyzed. The data were obtained by means of personal questionnaires and methods of interpersonal relations study. The authors propose the term “integral tolerance index” for the evaluation of different levels of interpersonal tolerance and the prediction of individual’s group status. The interrelations of social, ethnic, communicative tolerance, basic beliefs, intragroup status are described as well as the influence of integral tolerance index on student’s status.

Key words: interpersonal tolerance, basic beliefs, integral tolerance index, intragroup structure, status.

 

Rumor transformation phenomenon in micro-groups

D.S. Gorbatov

G. Allport’s and L. Postman’s concept of rumor transformation and its later modification are analyzed. Alternative approach is based upon the principle of information compliance to the results of interlocutors’ intellectual and emotional activity. Short-term micro-groups are considered to be the subjects of rumor transformation. The mechanisms of change depend on dialogical nature of interaction between the carriers of communicative roles. It makes possible to consider three tendencies of rumor transformation: implication (connected to subjective completeness of information), reliability (making it trustworthy) and dramatization (mirroring emotional background of discussion).

Key words: rumors, tendencies of rumor transformation, short-term communicative microgroups, role interaction of interlocutors.

 

Epiktetos’ notion of freedom and modern problems of personal psychology

A.M. Maryukov

Roman philosopher Epiktetos’ approach to the examination of volition freedom is analyzed. It is shown that Epiktetos proposes integral concept of personal development which can compete on equal terms with modern psychological theories.

Key words: Epictet, freedom, volition, absurd, existential vacuum.

 

Conceptual basis of psychological museum foundation

M.V. Volkova

The possibility to visualize the history of psychology as a means of constructive scientific reflection development is analyzed. Certain directions of visual history of psychology elaboration are proposed (personnel, tools, scientific events). All these directions may be concretized in the projects of national psychological museum based on world-wide and native experience of such enterprises. The examples of the projects on the history of psychology and on modern state of science are given. All of them can use digital technologies and form virtual psychological museum.

Key words: history of psychology, visual history, visual thinking, scientific reflection, psychological museum, virtual psychological museum.

 

The role of ethno-functional factors in the increasing learning motivation in teenagers

A.V. Sukharev, T.V. Neverova

Ethno-functional features of teenager’s personality is connected to learning motivation level. The restoration of ethno-integrating images of nature and fairytales in adolescent’s psyche promotes the increasing learning motivation and school progress.

Key words: ethno-functional development, learning motivation in teenagers, ethno-integrating and ethno-defferentiating images of nature and fairytales.

 

Does psychology need the notion of activity?

V.A. Ivannikov

The question of necessity of activity notion in psychology is discussed. The notion of behavior as a physical activity of living creatures is analyzed. Two approaches to activity analysis developed during Soviet period of Russian psychology are looked at. Psychic processes are analyzed as subjective components of activity, as its inner operations which serve subject’s activity.

Key words: behavior, activity, action, operation, activity’s technological and sense analysis, objective and subjective components of activity.

 

Has there been a symbiosis? (To A. Yasnitsky’s article “Regarding the isolationism of Soviet psychology: International conferences in the 1920–1930s” )

O.A. Artemieva

“Voprosy Psychologii” (2010. N 3) has published the first A. Yasnitsky’s article on isolationism of Soviet psychology, arguing the positive role of Soviet regime in the development of Soviet psychology. The author tries to revise traditional for post-Soviet period approach to Soviet psychology of 1930s as to “repressed science”. But author’s analysis of state organization and control of science presents the possibility of different evaluation of psychology and regime interaction. As a result author’s conclusion of symbiosis between psychological science and party-state apparatus can be doubted.

Key words: Soviet psychology, scientific policy, “repressed science”.

 

“Dead zone” of attention in perception of changes in visual scenes

I.S. Utochkin

“Dead zone” of attention is a spatial area adjoining the most interesting (central) object, where the likelihood to notice the looked for object or event is quite low. Two experimental studies aimed at the demonstration of the fact that “dead zone” is really connected to attention to central object are described. Both experiments were based on the phenomenon of blindness to change – stable inability to notice changes in perceived scene with short interruption of visual image until attention is focused on the changes. It is shown that increasing attention to central object by means of outer manipulations reinforces the stableness of blindness to change in assumed “dead zone”: it shows that attention is the cause of “dead zone” origin. In the course of second experiment probabilistic characteristics of attention in the space were measured. The probability of change revealing in “dead zone” was 2,3 times less than in other peripheral areas. Two assumptions on mechanisms of “dead zone” origins are presented.

Key words: space attention, blindness to change, “dead zone” of attention.

 

Validation of M. Kovacs’ Children's Depression Inventory (CDI)

S.V. Volikova, O.G. Kalina, A.B. Kholmogorova

The rise of the number of children suffering depressive states makes it necessary to find the tool which enables to diagnose those states in order to prevent chronic development and suicide attempts. The authors have made an attempt of validation of M. Kovacs’ Child Depression Inventory (CDI) for Russian population. The results of examination of 1522 schoolchildren are presented. All necessary procedures for questionnaire validation are described. Their results show that general score of depression is the most reliable index as compared to the data of particular scales.

Key words: depression, schoolchildren, psychological tests, questionnaire validation, general score of depression.

 

The problem of correlation between working team staff and its efficacy

P.L. Khasina

The influence of homogeneity and heterogeneity of working team staff according to gender, abilities and personal features on team efficacy is reviewed. In spite of the fact that some studies demonstrate significant differences between homogenous and heterogeneous teams this review shows negligible (and insignificant) advantage of heterogeneous teams as compared to homogenous ones. It is possible to assume that significant differences found in some studies may be due to intermediate variables (type and task complicacy, role interrelations, clearness of role structure of a team).

Key words: team, efficacy, homogeneity, heterogeneity, team staffing, forming of a team.